The Air Force Phillips Laboratory Gyro-BWO experiment i.s utilizing the RAMBO pulser, with electron beam parameters of V, = 300-800 kV; I,=1-50 kA, pulselength = 1-3 ps.An annular electron beam of -1-3 kA is produced by an annular aluminum cathode. The interaction cavity ii designed to radiate in the frequency range of 4.2 -5.5 GHa

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Direct Observation of an Abrupt Insulator-to-Metal Transition in Dense LiquidDeuterium. -Abrupt insulator-to-metal transition is experimentally observed in dense liquid D 2 by application of magnetic shock waves of several hundred GPa to a cryocell containing D2 (22 K, density of 0.167 g/cm 3 ) at the Sandia Z machine (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA) for pulsed power research. Upon discharge of the accelerator capacitor banks a shaped current pulse results in a series of shock wave reverberations that stepwise heats the sample to 800-1400 K depending on the experimental setup. Interferometric measurements reveal a loss of transparency of D 2 at 120 GPa and 2800 K. DFT simulations provide a correlation between D reflectivity in the visible region with d.c. conductivity. Provision of a D 2 P/T diagram with the respective transitions provides a benchmark for theory and may constrain the region of H 2-He immiscibility and the boundary-layer pressure in standard models of the internal structure of gas-giant planets. -(KNUDSON*, M. D.; DESJARLAIS, M. P.; BECKER, A.; LEMKE, R. W.; COCHRANE, K. R.; SAVAGE, M. E.; BLISS, D. E.; MATTSSON, T. R.; REDMER, R.; Science (Washington, DC, U. S.) 348 (2015) 6242, 1455-1460, http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa7471 ; Sandia Natl. Lab., Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA; Eng.) -J. Schramke 39-008

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