Objectives:To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) infection among Saudi women, its clinical presentation, and its association to infertility.Methods:This study was conducted between October 2012 and July 2013 at King Khalid University Hospital and King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Female patients aged between 19 and 46 years old with infertility problems seen at both hospitals were recruited to join the study. A separate group of female patients without infertility problems was also recruited from both hospitals to serve as controls for the study. Endocervical swabs were collected from both groups of patients, and samples were analyzed using real time polymerase chain reaction.Results:There was a statistically significantly greater prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in infertile women (n=8, 8.0%) compared with the fertile group of women (n=1, 1.0%). The C. trachomatis infection was significantly correlated to infertility.Conclusion:A significant association between infertility and increased prevalence of C. trachomatis infection is shown in this study, thus, we suggest that screening for Chlamydial infection to be part of the routine investigation for infertility.

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Antibiotics represent a key component of treatment for severe bacterial infection. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative organisms is now well recognized to be a potent microbial toxin that plays a critical role in the initiation of the proinflammatory events that contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenza and Escherichia coli were exposed to 0.5 MIC and 5 MIC of Imipenem, Aztreonam, Gentamicin and Polymyxin B for 2 and 5 h. Variable amounts of endotoxin were released after exposing the organism to antibiotic. Aztreonam at a concentration of 0.5 MIC with exposure period 5 h, induced the release of substantial amounts of endotoxin from all organisms and decreased amounts of endotoxin by Gentamicin while Imipenem and Polymyxin B induced the release of negligible values under the same conditions.