Biogenic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation and Hibiscus rosa sinensis plant leaf was used as a bio-reductant of the nanoparticle productions. The biosynthesized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV, VSM, and SEM via EDX analysis. The cubic phase of biosynthesized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and their crystallite size was determined by XRD. The Co-Fe-O bonding and cation displacement was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The presence of spherically-shaped biosynthesized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and their material were confirmed by SEM and TEM via EDX. The super-paramagnetic behaviour of the biosynthesized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and magnetic pulse was established by VSM analysis. Organic and bacterial pollutants were eradicated using the biosynthesized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The spinel ferrite biosynthesized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles generate radical and superoxide ions, which degrade toxic organic and bacterial pollutants in the environment.

Ecosystems worldwide face a serious and life-threatening water crisis due to water contamination. Nanotechnology offers a promising solution to this issue by providing methods for removing pollutants from aquatic sources. In this study, we utilized a green and simple approach to biosynthesize NiSe NPs using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis extract as the bio-source. The plant extract acts as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent in the synthesis process. A simple hydrothermal method was employed to blend the NiSe NPs photocatalysts. UV-Visible DRS spectroscopy was utilized to confirm the reduction in and stabilization of Ni2+ and Se2− ions. The resulting NiSe NPs have a bandgap of 1.74 eV, which facilitates electron and hole production on their surfaces. To characterize the functional groups on the NiSe NPs and their surface interactions with bio-compounds, FTIR spectroscopy was utilized. XRD analysis revealed the crystallite size of the NiSe NPs to be 24 nm, while FE-SEM and TEM imaging showed their spherical shape and material distribution. EDX spectroscopy confirmed the integrity of the NiSe NPs’ material. XPS analysis provided information on the chemical composition, nickel and selenium valency, and their interface. The efficacy of the NiSe NPs as a blended photocatalyst in photodegrading Methylene Blue (MB) dye was tested under visible light, resulting in 92% degradation. Furthermore, the NiSe NPs exhibited bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria due to their advanced oxidation and reduction in charge particles, which increased the degradation efficiency and suppressed cell proliferation. Based on the obtained findings, the NiSe NPs show promise as a powerful agent for water remediation and microbial resistance.

This study emphasis on the impact of Swine manure (SM), Vermi compost (VC) and combination of both the manures (SMVC) treatments on physico-chemical, chemical and physical properties of Sandy Clay Loam (SCL) soil and on the growth parameters of the Black Gram (Vigna Mungo.L.). A field experiment was conducted with three different treatments viz., sole application of SM, VC and combined application of both manures SMVC at three different doses of 8, 12.5 and 17 t ha-1 respectively. Soil properties got better enhancement for the amendment of swine manure as a single treatment at 17 t ha-1 (T3) and also responded well when combined usage with vermicompost at 17 t ha-1 (T9) too. The highest yield of 512 kg ha-1 was obtained for the treatment T9 and it is also in par with T3 of 510 kg ha-1, and the lowest yield 94 kg ha-1 was acquired with the control plot (T10). Chemical properties like Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) got enriched after amendment with organic supplements, hence the development in the growing parameters viz., height of the plant and number of leaves per plant got increased. Bulk density takes place a cardinal role in the enhancement of water holding capacity along with saturated moisture (SaM) and thereby increases the yield. Statistical analysis has been done using SPSS (P<0.05) and height of the plant in 45DAS was found to be significantly responded to the crop yield. Present finding revealed that swine manure could be reliably used to enhance the productivity of Black Gram (Vigna Mungo.L.) instead of preferring to the Chemical Fertilizers (CF) and deteriorating the environmental ecosystem and to reduce the first concern of FYM.