Image fusion can be performed on images either in spatial domain or frequency domain methods. Frequency domain methods will be most preferred because these methods can improve the quality of edges in an image. In image fusion, the resultant fused images will be more informative than individual input images, thus more suitable for classification problems. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms play a significant role in improving patient’s treatment in the health care industry and thus improving personalized medicine. This research work analyses the role of image fusion in an improved brain tumour classification model, and this novel fusion-based cancer classification model can be used for personalized medicine more effectively. Image fusion can improve the quality of resultant images and thus improve the result of classifiers. Instead of using individual input images, the high-quality fused images will provide better classification results. Initially, the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization technique preprocess input images such as MRI and SPECT images. Benign and malignant class brain tumor images are applied with discrete cosine transform-based fusion method to obtain fused images. AI algorithms such as support vector machine classifier, KNN classifier, and decision tree classifiers are tested with features obtained from fused images and compared with the result obtained from individual input images. Performances of classifiers are measured using the parameters accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F 1 score. SVM classifier provided the maximum accuracy of 96.8%, precision of 95%, recall of 94%, specificity of 93%, F 1 score of 91%, and performed better than KNN and decision tree classifiers when extracted features from fused images are used. The proposed method results are compared with existing methods and provide satisfactory results.

Aim: Image is the most powerful tool to analyze the information. Sometimes the captured image gets affected with blur and noise in the environment, which degrades the quality of the image. Image restoration is a technique in image processing where the degraded image can be restored or recovered to its nearest original image. Materials and Methods: In this research Lucy-Richardson algorithm is used for restoring blurred and noisy images using MATLAB software. And the proposed work is compared with Wiener filter, and the sample size for each group is 30. Results: The performance was compared based on three parameters, Power Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), Normalized Correlation (NC). High values of PSNR, SSIM and NC indicate the better performance of restoration algorithms. Lucy-Richardson provides a mean PSNR of 10.4086db, mean SSIM of 0.4173%, and NC of 0.7433% and Wiener filter provides a mean PSNR of 6.3979db, SSIM of 0.3016%, NC of 0.3276%. Conclusion: Based on the experimental results and statistical analysis using independent sample T test, image restoration using Lucy-Richardson algorithm significantly performs better than Wiener filter on restoring the degraded image with PSNR (P<0.001) and SSIM (P<0.001).

Objective: Image fusion-based cancer classification models used to diagnose cancer and assessment of medical problems in earlier stages that help doctors or health care professionals to plan the treatment plan accordingly. Methods : In this work, a novel Curvelet transform-based image fusion method is developed. CT and PET scan images of benign type tumors fused together using the proposed fusion algorithm and the same way MRI and PET scan images of malignant type tumors fused together to achieve the combined benefits of individual imaging techniques. Then the Marker controlled watershed Algorithm applied on fused image to segment cancer affected area. The various color features, shape features and texture-based features extracted from the segmented image. Then a data set formed with various features, which have given as input to different classifiers namely neural network classifier, Random forest classifier, K-NN classifier to determine the nature of cancer. The results of the classifier will be Normal, Benign or Malignant category of cancer. Results: The performance of the proposed fusion Algorithm compared with existing fusion techniques based on the parameters PSNR, SSIM, Entropy, Mean and Standard Deviation. Curvelet transform based fusion method performs better than already existing methods in terms of five parameters. The performances of classifiers are evaluated using three parameters Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Specificity. K-NN Classifier performs better when compared to the other two classifiers and it provides overall accuracy of 94%, Sensitivity of 88% and Specificity of 84%. Conclusion: The proposed Curvelet transform based image fusion method combined with the K-NN classifier provides better results when compared to other two classifiers when two input images used individually.

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Our review focused on nanomaterials-based toxicity evaluation and its exposure to the human and aquatic animals when it was leached and contaminated in the environment. Ecotoxicological assessment and its mechanism mainly affect the skin covering layers and its preventive barriers that protect the foreign particles' skin. Nanoscale materials are essential in the medical field, especially in biomedical and commercial applications such as nanomedicine and drug delivery, mainly in therapeutic treatments. However, various commercial formulations of pharmaceutical drugs are manufactured through a series of clinical trials. The role of such drugs and their metabolites has not met the requirement of an individual's need at the early stage of the treatments except few drugs and medicines with minimal or no side effects. Therefore, biology and medicines are taken up the advantages of nano scaled drugs and formulations for the treatment of various diseases. The present study identifies and analyses the different nanoparticles and their chemical components on the skin and their effects due to penetration. There are advantageous factors available to facilitate positive and negative contact between dermal layers. It creates a new agenda for an established application that is mainly based on skin diseases.