Über die Einwirkung von LTltraschallstrahlung auf lebende Organismen, im besonderen einzellige Lebewesen, Blutkörperchen, Protoplasma usw., sind eine Anzahl von Untersuchungen veröffentlicht worden (1). Es handelt sich beim Ultraschall (US.) um Schall von so hoher Frequenz, daß er für das menschliche Ohr nicht mehr wahrnehmbar ist, infolge seiner hohen Frequenz und geringen Wellenlänge läßt er sich verhältnismäßig scharf bündeln, sodaß von US.-Strahlen gesprochen werden kann. Außerdem vermag man ihn in einer Intensität zu erzeugen, die um Größenordnungen höher liegt als diejenige des akustischen Schalls. Die in der Biologie erzielten Wirkungen sind demnach meistens zerstörender Natur. Jedoch verlangt die Beurteilung der Ergebnisse bereits größte Vorsicht: Während z. B. rote Blutkörperchen in physiologischer Kochsalzlösung verhältnismäßig leicht zerstört werden können, gelingt dies im Serum in keiner Weise (s). Es zeigt sich, daß die Organismen untei verschiedenen Bedingungen ganz verschieden reagieren und daß sinngemäße Versuche nur unter den Bedingungen vorgenommen werden dürfen, die dem tatsächlichen Anwendungsgebiet entsprechen.

BackgroundWeb-based preventive interventions can reduce risk and incidence of bulimia and binge eating disorders among young high-risk women. However, their specific effects on core symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN) are rather weak.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an indicated, parent-based, Web-based preventive program Eltern als Therapeuten (E@T) in reducing risk factors and symptoms of AN.MethodsGirls aged between 11 and 17 years were screened by selected risk factors and early symptoms of AN. At-risk families were then randomized to E@T or an assessment-only control condition. Assessments took place at pre- and postintervention (6 weeks later) and at 6- and 12-month follow-up (FU).ResultsA total of 12,377 screening questionnaires were handed out in 86 German schools, and 3941 including consent returned. Overall, 477 (447/3941, 12.10%) girls were identified as at risk for AN and 256 of those could be contacted. In all, 66 families (66/256, 25.8% of those contacted) were randomized to the E@T or a wait-list control condition, 43 (43/66, 65%) participated in postassessments, and 27 (27/66, 41%) in 12-month FUs. Due to low participation and high dropout rates of parents, recruitment was terminated prematurely. At 12-month FU, girls’ expected body weight (EBW) percentage was significantly greater for intervention participants compared with control participants (group by time interaction beta=21.0 [CI 5.81 to 36.13], P=.007; group by time squared interaction beta=−15.5 [CI −26.6 to −4.49], P=.007; estimated Cohen d=0.42]. No other significant effects were found on risk factors and attitudes of disturbed eating.ConclusionsDespite a significant increase in girls’ EBW percentage, parental participation and adherence to the intervention were low. Overall, parent-based, indicated prevention for children at risk for AN does not seem very promising, although it might be useful for parents who engage in the intervention.Trial RegistrationInternational Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 18614564; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN18614564 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/74FTV1EpF).

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