Because of the introduction of competition in the Since the introduction of competition in various countries electricity suppi industry, it has become much more im ortant around the world and the introduction of wheeling in North particular load, how much use each generator is &g of a forms. While the approaches which have been i m lemented are transmission line and what is each generator's contribution reasonable and reflect sound engineering @&emat, it is to the system losses. This a er describes a technique for probably fair to say that their scope is limited and that their answering these uestions wKi& is not limited to incremental application is not entirely satisfactory. In the United Kingdom changes and whic R is applicable to both active and reactive these issues were deemed too complex and were deliberately power. Starting from a power flow solution, the technique set aside. Consequently, a single non-geographically irst identifies the busses which are reached by power differentiated electricity market was created and generators roduced by each enerator. Then it determines the sets of are compensated if they are not allowed to produce due to &usses supplied %y the same generators. Using a transmission constraints[l]. Connection charges depend on proportionality assumption, it is then ossible to calculate the the location but are based on capacity and not energy. On the contribution of each generator to the yoads and flows. The other hand, the lon itudinal nature of the Chilean power applicability of the proposed technique is demonstrated using system makes possihe the introduction of the concept of a 30-bus example. influence area based on sensitivity analysis [2]. These areas of influence are used to allocate the cost of the transmission Keywords: power system operations, transmission access, system among the competin generators. In North America, the power flow, spot pricing, location-dependent pricing, power introduction of wholesie wheeling has led to the system economics. development of concepts such as "contract raths" and the ricing of transmission services based on MW-miles"[3]. This method is a plicable independently to both active and ;eactive power lows. In the following description, the t a m power" can be replaced by either "active power" or "reactive power" depending on the desired application.

In \V hat manner does electricity behave to produce so I't'markable results? Is there a decomposition of air and fixation of nitrogen in the earth, or does the fluid act simply by rendering more rapidly and perfectly assimilable 1 he useful materials contained in the soil and manum? 'fht'se are so many problems to be solved.-f) lllustrati(}1t. Tm� AUSTRO-HUNHARIAN MANEUVERS CONS'rRUC'fION OP THE GREAT BRIDGE ACROSS THE DANUBE. 'l'wo battalions of pioneers, No.2, stationed in Linz,

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