Background: Diaphragmatic hernia is an emerging threat in dairy animals due to accidental ingestion of potential foreign body via feed or fodder leads to traumatic reticulo pericarditis and net results into loss of milk production. Loss of milk production due to diaphragmatic hernia in dairy animals is worrying situation among the milkman and it needs to be addressed in early stage. Considering the livelihood of poor to marginal farmers on dairy animals, the present study aimed to evaluate the clinico-haematological changes and surgical management of diaphragmatic hernia in cattle and buffalo. Methods: The present retrospective study was carried in thirty two clinical cases of diaphragmatic hernia in cattle (17) and buffaloes (15) presented to teaching veterinary clinical complex from the rural area irrespective breeds, age and no. of lactation of animals. Result: The incidence was higher in recently parturited followed by advanced pregnant animals aged between 3.5-14 years (7.109±0.406) with duration of illness ranged between 4-35 days (16.563±1.627). All animals showed recurrent tympany, suspended rumination, constipation, neutrophilia, alkaline ruminal pH, lymphopenia and increased level of muscle enzymes and non-responsive to medicinal therapy. Plain radiography of thoraco-abdominal region showed break in continuity of diaphragmatic line and herniation of reticulum into thoracic cavity. All animals were subjected to surgical correction of diaphragmatic hernia under isoflurane general anaesthesia. Out of 32, 27 animals were recovered uneventfully and remaining five animals were succumbed during surgical repair of hernia due to cardiovascular failure. The present study concludes that, diaphragmatic hernia is common wasting disorders in dairy animals characterized by scanty faeces, recurrent tympany, neutrophilia, increased level of muscle enzymes due to chronic inflammatory changes and it can be treated successfully with herniorrhaphy under isoflurane general anaesthesia.

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Surgical excision with chemotherapy is a commonly used treatment modality to treat canine mammary tumor (CMT), but it is unclear whether different treatment modalities may have similar efficacies and toxicities. The objective of this clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy along with surgical excision of malignant mammary tumor in canines by clinical, haemato-biochemical, radiographical, and histopathological evaluation before and after treatment. Eighteen dogs with malignant mammary tumor, reported to Teaching Veterinary Hospital, were divided into two groups consisting of nine dogs in each group. Group I (n = 9) dogs were treated with surgical excision of malignant mammary tumor alone, and group II (n = 9) was treated with surgical excision of mammary tumor with cyclophosphamide chemotherapy at 50–100 mg/m2 intravenously in weekly doses by three consecutive weeks. In group II, 7 dogs (78%) showed complete regression of tumor after the third dose of cyclophosphamide and showed increase in the quality and survival life and remaining two dogs showed recurrence of tumor after one year. Some dogs showed common adverse reactions such as lethargy, moderate alopecia, vomiting, anorexia, anemia, and haematuria after the third dose of chemotherapy. To conclude, surgical excision combined with cyclophosphamide chemotherapy is an effective protocol for management of malignant mammary tumor in canines with minimal toxicity and it could be possible to increase the quality and survival life of patients.

AIMS:To assess the efficiency of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of bone lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This Prospective study was conducted in the surgical wards at tertiary care hospital of the Miraj city over two year period from October 2012-September 2014.Thirty seven patients presented with bone lesions were included in this study. The lesions were provisionally diagnosed by clinical and radiological methods. RESULTS: The results of the aspirated lesions include 20 malignant lesions, 8 tumour like lesions, 5 benign and potentially malignant lesions and 3 inflammatory lesions. In one aspirate the materials was inadequate. The results were compared with the histopathological diagnosis. CONCLUSION: FNAC of bone lesion is safe, quick, easy, economical and helpful in planning the correct therapy. KEYWORDS: FNAC, Bone Lesion. INTRODUCTION:FNAC of bone lesions was introduced in 1930s. Experience in this field has revealed high rate of accuracy. The high rate of accuracy of FNAC of bone lesions. (1,2,3,4,5) has resulted in recommending the use of this technique as the first line of investigation of bone lesions. (6) The technique has not been tried in our locality. Therefore this study was planned to assess the efficiency of this technique in our locality.

Aims And Objectives Primary Objective: To the isolates and identify the enterococci from various clinical specimens. Secondary Objectives: To determine the antibiotics susceptibility pattern of enterococci isolates. Design: Prospective Study Materials And Methods: 65 Clinical samples sent for bacteriological examination and culture sensitivity were taken up in this study. Preliminary findings and identification of Enterococci species was carried out using Gram staining, Catalase test, Bile esculin test and growth in NaCl, followed by Antibiotic sensitivity testing in Muller Hilton Agar. The resistant strains were subjected to agar dilution method, Vancomycin e-strip method and Vitek-2 automated system for phenotypic detection of Vancomycin resistance. The results were observed and analysed. Result: Among 65 clinical specimens analysed, enterococci species were isolated from various specimens. Among which 50 isolates which were identified as E. faecalis from biochemical tests were further analysed for antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Keywords: VRE, Enterococci, Phenotypic methods, Resistance, Enterococci, Speciation, Antibiotic resistance, High level gentamicin, Vancomycin.