The current investigation examines the incidence of clients telling their psychotherapists of committing violent crimes for which they have not been prosecuted. Thirteen percent of the psychologists surveyed indicated that on at least one occasion a client self-disclosed to them during a psychotherapy session that he/she had murdered someone, not including the killing of another person in the line of duty in the military or as a public peace officer. One third of the psychologists had clients self-disclose an unprosecuted incident of a sexual assault, and more than two thirds had clients self-disclose an unprosecuted incident of a physical assault during a psychotherapy session. Data are reported on psychotherapists' views of the impact of such disclosures on the psychotherapy relationship, adequacy of being informed regarding legal obligations after hearing such reports of violence, and adequacy of graduate preparation to deal with these clinical situations.

Purpose: To evaluate a possible influence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies (ACPA) -positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on visual field (VF) testing in patients with arterial hypertension (aHT). Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study comparing patients with ACPA-positive RA and aHT, patients with aHT and healthy subjects. Further inclusion criteria were visual acuity (VA) of 0.8 or better and age between 40 and 60 years. VF testing was performed with standard automated achromatic perimetry (SAP), short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) (Octopus 300 \reg ) and flicker perimetry (Pulsar \reg ). Results were analysed for a possible correlation with blood pressure or RA-activity. Results: Twenty subjects with RA and aHT, 26 patients with aHT and 22 healthy participants were examined. Significant differences were found for mean sensitivity (MS) in SWAP comparing RA-patients with healthy participants (DMS À3.06, p = 0.001) and with hypertensive patients (DMS À2.32, p = 0.007). In SAP we observed a significant difference between patients with RA and healthy subjects regarding loss variance (LV) (DLV = +9.77, p = 0.004). Flicker perimetry did not demonstrate significant differences between groups. A correlation of VF changes with blood pressure level or RA-activity was not observed. Conclusion: Patients with ACPA-positive RA and aHT showed significant impairment of VF performance in SWAP compared to patients with aHT alone and healthy subjects. SAP also revealed a significant difference of LV between RApatients and healthy subjects. aHT does not seem to induce functional changes in VF testing alone.

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Contrary to our study hypothesis no structural and morphological changes could be detected in patients with arterial hypertension without RA compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, no RA-specific effects could be shown in comparison with the hypertension group. Thus, the used examination techniques are not suitable to prove the systemic inflammatory influence of RA on the eye.