Most probable number (MPN) test was done to detect the coliform in water samples collected from mobile vendors, sweet shops and tap water supplied from Burdwan municipality. The study revealed that the number of coliforms was very high ( 1600) in water samples collected from mobile vendors. The bacteria were identified as Escherichia coli. Bacteriological examination of water samples collected from different sources showed that the water of mobile vendors and sweet shops of Burdwan market area was not potable while the municipal tap water was found to be safe for drinking.

Present study was conducted to explore the possibility of treating the diabetic rat wounds by canine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and its conditioned media (CM). Canine bone marrow stem cells were isolated ascetically from dog and cultured in vitro. Stem cells conditioned media was collected from third passage cells at 120 hours of culture. Streptozotocin was used for induction of diabetes in rats. Six groups were made for the wound healing therapy in which group I, II and III were non-diabetic while group IV, V and VI were diabetic with six animals in each group and one wound was created in each animal. Group II and V received stem cells in culture media and group III and VI received conditioned media while group I and IV were kept as respective controls given only stem cell culture media. Stem cells and its conditioned media were injected at the periphery of wounds. Wound healing was assessed by wound contraction, photographic evaluation at different time interval (0, th day) and histomorphological examination on day 28. The outcomes of wound healing experiment suggested that canine bone marrow stem cells as well as its conditioned media can be exploited xenogenically very well for diabetic rat wound healing.

The number of hits on the internet based science-specific search engine "Scirus" [23] up to mid July 2011 for the key words and the details thereof are given in Table 1. The significance of genus Artemisia is seen in its number of hits, which is 89,080.The total number of hits appeared for "Artemisia afra" (A. afra) were 885 of which, 5 had no dates. Figure 1 is the graph of 162 publications that appeared in Journal Sources classified and plotted on yearly basis from Jan. 1922 to Nov. 2011 for "A. afra".Only two scientific publications based on laboratory work were found in the literature over a span of half a century, first by Goodson in Jan. 1922 [24] and then second by Bohlman and Zdero in 1972 [25]. Both the papers report the constituent's of A. afra. Goodson investigated if A. afra contained anything that could be regarded as a precursor or a derivative of santonin in consequence of the difficulty of obtaining santonin that was then used as the sole source of anthelmintic. He showed that A. afra contains camphor, a wax-ester probably ceryl cerotate, triacontane, scopoletin and quebrachitol and none which

Accurate and precise measurement of serum creatinine is very important for assessment of kidney function. However, false estimates of serum creatinine have been found due to interference by both exogenous and endogenous substances which have been attributed to factors such as decreased or inhibited tubular secretion of creatinine, interference with serum creatinine assays and increased production of creatinine. Several drugs cause positive and negative interference through these mechanisms resulting in false positive and negative estimates of serum creatinine which may affect glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculation also. Endogenous substances also affect the creatinine assay systems resulting in false estimate of serum creatinine concentration. Therefore, the awareness about the drug-induced or endogenous substance-induced false estimates of serum creatinine and preanalytical errors in blood sampling is important. Some remedial measures to avoid these interferences are: (i) avoiding blood draws from indwelling catheter, (ii) giving preference to fasting blood specimen and (iii) selecting the suitable analytical method for creatinine estimation (based on the information about the drugs being given to the concerned patient).

Purpose: To assess motivation in patients undergoing periodontal treatment by using the novel Dental Treatment Motivation Scale (DTMS). Materials and Methods:The study is a questionnaire study, consisting of 15 questions using a motivation scale to test what factors motivate the patient to undergo periodontal therapy. 212 patients attending the Department Of Periodontics for periodontal therapy in the month of May, 2014 were evaluated through the questionnaire.Results: All patients showed high degree of motivation for undergoing treatment. Intrinsic motivation scored higher than extrinsic motivation. Conclusions:Motivation plays an important role in treatment seeking behavior. Dentists can play a vital role in motivating and counseling patients to undergo periodontal therapy.