Tea is an important beverage consumed worldwide. It is a source of important secondary metabolites like catechins monoterpenoids, carotenoids etc. Catechins are responsible for the beneficial health effects of tea. Over the decades conventional tea cultivation practice using synthetic fertilizer and pesticides has jeopardize the soil health particularly due to micronutrient deficiency, instability in yield and reduced product quality. Such threat has led to emergence of organic farming practice for improvement of crop yield and product quality that finally has an impact on human health defence. Field experiments conducted using organic farming practice has shown improved soil health by improving availability of micronutrients which in terms improved crop yield and quality of tea. The content of secondary phenolics compounds like total phenolics, GCG, EGCC, ECG was higher in when tea grown organically. Antioxidant property of tea extract from different farming practice was studied by DPPH method resulting higher radical scavenging capacity than tea grown conventionally. From the pharmacological study the organic tea extract has shown better control of Parkinsonism in two different animal model experiments. Organic tea extract exhibited better performance in reduction of Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in brain in Parkinson's disease induced in test mice model than the tea extract obtained from conventional farming practice. The value of SOD and catalase activity in MPTP induced mice model given tea extract grown in control, conventional farming, vermicompost and vermicompost+vermiwash treatment are respectively 1.31 ± 0.16 c , 1.8 ± 0.16 d , 0.95 ± 0.14 e , 0.79 ± 0.06; and 0.98 ± 0.07 c , 1.10 ± 0.07 d , 0.78 ± 0.07 e , 0.69 ± 0.05 a for Tv 25 variety. Similar result is obtained for Tv1 variety also.The present study generated information on soil, crop performance, yield and quality of tea related to health defense, which should be regarded as valuable information for a perennial crop like tea.

Eye movement abnormalities always clench the eyes of a neurologist to reach an interesting diagnosis most of the time in children. The common etiologies affecting the complex brainstem pathways and frontal eye field controlling conjugate eye movement are childhood stroke (pontine infarct), demyelinating disorders, mass lesions, trauma and metabolic or mitochondrial diseases. Horizontal eye movements are conducted by the medial rectus and the lateral rectus muscles. Medial rectus is innervated by oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) and the lateral rectus is innervated by abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) respectively. The oculomotor and the abducens nuclei are interconnected by medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). The disorders of horizontal eye movement that are caused by brainstem lesions are classified into three groups: lateral gaze palsy, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and one-and-a-half syndrome. In the present study, three interesting cases with gaze palsy have been taken into account. Case 1 is an 8-year-old boy presented with left sided hemiparesis and right sided gaze palsy with loss of adduction in right eye (One-and-half syndrome). MRI showed large areas of increased T2W signal intensity both in subcortical white matter and brain stem (involving abducens nucleus, PPRF and ipsilateral MLF). Case 2 is also of a 10-year-old boy, diagnosed to be a case of Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) with ataxia and ophthalmoplegia. MRI showed areas of sub-cortical demyelination in both fronto-parietal region (right side more involved than left) with brain stem and cerebellum unaffected. Case 3 is about an 18-month-old boy presented with complete ophthalmoplegia (Inability to move both the eyes with absent conjugate movement in all directions) and delayed developmental milestones. Lactate was raised in venous blood and MRI showed necrosis in basal ganglia (thalami) and brain stem, with MR spectroscopy showed double lactate peak consistent with Leigh disease (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy).