Multiple pollutions by trace metals and pharmaceuticals have become one of the most important problems in marine coastal areas because of its excessive toxicity on organisms living in this area. This study aimed to assess the individual and mixture toxicity of Cu, Cd, and oxytetracycline frequently existing in the contaminated marine areas and the embryo-larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The individual contamination of the spermatozoid for 1 h with the increasing concentrations of Cd, Cu, and OTC decreases the fertility rate and increases larvae anomalies in the order Cu > Cd > OTC. Moreover, the normal larva frequency and the length of spicules were more sensitive than the fertilization rate and normal gastrula frequency endpoints. The mixture toxicity assessed by multiple experimental designs showed clearly that concentrations of Cd, Cu, and OTC superior to 338 μg/L, 0.56 μg/L, and 0.83 mg/L, respectively, cause significant larva malformations.

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Treatment of Indigo dye (leuco form), reduced in the industrial conditions of the SITEX (Textile Industrial Company), by a batch electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were used to optimize for Color Removal (CR(%)). Our results showed that the quadratic second order equation provided the best correlation for the decolorization of Indigo dye (CR(%)). On the other hand, the ANOVA analysis proved the large interaction between the current intensity and the initial concentration of the dye. Experiments were conducted to find the desired conditions for removal of particular concentration of the dye and lower Operation Cost. The results showed that CR(%) = 88.3% (R 2) of color removal for initial dye concentration of 12.31 mg/l, with a current density of 2.81 A/m 2 , solution concentration of NaCl of 2.67 g/l. Under these conditions, Electrical Energy Consumption (EEC) and Electrode Consumption (EMC) and Operation Cost were 0.01999 kWh/m 3 (R 2 = 93.1%), 0.00142768 Kg/m 3 (R 2 = 79.4%

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a b s t r a c tNovacron Blue 4R (NB4R) dye was removed in a semi-continuous process treatment by electrocoagulation-flocculation-filtration. Our results showed that the quadratic second order equation provided the best correlation for the decolorization of NB4R dye (CR%). On the other hand, the regression equation proved the large interaction between the current intensity and the initial concentration of the dye. Experiments were conducted to find the desired conditions for removal of the dye and lower Operation Cost. The results showed that CR% = 90.84% (R 2 = 95.8%) of color removal for initial dye concentration of 30 mg/L, using a current intensity of 1 A and a flow rate of flocculent (FRF) injected of 9.14 mL/min. Under these conditions, electrical energy consumption (