A retrospective study was performed to report the case occurrence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in three hospitals of north-eastern region in Punjab Province, Pakistan. We reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of patients in 4 hospitals which were diagnosed with CE during 2012–2017. A total of 198 cases, 82 (41.4%) male and 116 (58.6%) females were detected as CE. The most Highest incidence was revealed in.... 21–30 years-old group (24.2%) followed by 41–50 (22.7%), 31–40 (16.2%), 11–20 (13.6%), 51–60 (8.1%), below 10 (5.5%), over 71 (5.1%) and 61–70 year-old group (4.5%). CE was detected in various organs of infected individuals. However, most of CE cases were detected in the liver (47.4%) and lung (18.6%). The present study indicated that CE is more or less prevalent in surveyed areas and one of the most important public health problems in Punjab Province, Pakistan.

Objectives: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is life threatening but with the advent of new antiviral agents is potentially curable. Its prevalence among healthy blood donors was estimated in Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. The aim of this study was to help in estimating disease burden in addition to early diagnosis of asymptomatic individuals necessitating treatment. Study Design: Retrospective single centre cross-sectional study. Setting: Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Period: January 2016 to December 2017. Material and Methods: Blood donors were tested for Anti-HCV antibodies by qualitative test based on lateral flow immunoassay using commercially made rapid test kits. Results: In 2016 and 2017, a total of 76530 healthy blood donors were screened for anti-HCV antibodies. Out of 76530 donors, 2095 were found to have anti-HCV antibodies constituting cumulative percentage of 2.73%. The seroprevalence was 2.49% in 2016 and reached to 2.97% in 2017. Conclusion: Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis C among healthy blood donors is quite high at 2.73% and has slightly increased in 2017 compared to 2016. This dictates need for continued community awareness for prevention, early detection, and treatment. This study will be helpful for health policy makers to design more effective strategic planning to eradicate Hepatitis C infection.

Aim: To determine the frequency of different diseases resulting in cervical lymphadenopathy in specimens of patients presenting in tertiary care hospital. Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted at the histopathology section of the pathology department of Services Institute of Medical Sciences/Services Hospital Lahore. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the institution. The study was completed in six months.100 cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were registered. Inclusion criteria included patients above 16 years of age, patients from both sexes, unilateral or bilateral irrespective of duration. Lymph nodes less than 1cm were not included in the study. Informed consent was taken. Both FNAC and Biopsy were used as diagnostic tools. All the data was analysed with SPSS version 11. Results: During a period of six months, a total of 100 cases of cervical lymphadenopathy were studied. These included 75 benign and 25 malignant cases. Out of benign cases 53% were diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis. About 81.3% were in the age range of 16-25 years and 18.7% were in the age range of 26-35 years. 22% cases were diagnosed as reactive lymphadenitis. About 54.54% of these patients were in the age range of 16-25 years and 45.46% were in the age range of 26-35 years. The highest frequency among malignant lesions consisted of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 16% followed by Hodgkin lymphoma 5% and metastatic disease 4%.The age range of malignant lesions was in the range of 36-78 years. Conclusion: Our study concludes that cervical lymphadenopathy is the common clinical presentation in our setup and tuberculosis is the commonest cause. Keywords: Hodgkin lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Fine needle aspiration cytology