IntroductionAmong female genital tract-related malignancies, ovarian tumors are the leading cause of mortality. The present study was conducted to identify the various histopathological spectrums of ovarian neoplasm (ON) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification in a single center.

Aim: To determine the frequency of different diseases resulting in cervical lymphadenopathy in specimens of patients presenting in tertiary care hospital. Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted at the histopathology section of the pathology department of Services Institute of Medical Sciences/Services Hospital Lahore. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the institution. The study was completed in six months.100 cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were registered. Inclusion criteria included patients above 16 years of age, patients from both sexes, unilateral or bilateral irrespective of duration. Lymph nodes less than 1cm were not included in the study. Informed consent was taken. Both FNAC and Biopsy were used as diagnostic tools. All the data was analysed with SPSS version 11. Results: During a period of six months, a total of 100 cases of cervical lymphadenopathy were studied. These included 75 benign and 25 malignant cases. Out of benign cases 53% were diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis. About 81.3% were in the age range of 16-25 years and 18.7% were in the age range of 26-35 years. 22% cases were diagnosed as reactive lymphadenitis. About 54.54% of these patients were in the age range of 16-25 years and 45.46% were in the age range of 26-35 years. The highest frequency among malignant lesions consisted of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 16% followed by Hodgkin lymphoma 5% and metastatic disease 4%.The age range of malignant lesions was in the range of 36-78 years. Conclusion: Our study concludes that cervical lymphadenopathy is the common clinical presentation in our setup and tuberculosis is the commonest cause. Keywords: Hodgkin lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Fine needle aspiration cytology

Aim: To determine the frequency of morphological patterns of breast malignancies among female patient population of different age groups Study design: Descriptive, Cross-sectional study Setting: Study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2022 at Citi lab & Research Center, Lahore. Methods: 109 diagnosed cases of female breast malignancies reported during period of one year 1st January 2022 till 31st December 2022 were included in the study. Results: Out of 109 cases, the maximum number of patients diagnosed with malignancy were in age range of 51-60 years (33%) followed by 24.7% of cases in 41-50 years of age range while 19.2% females were between 31-40 years of age. In terms of histological type, ductal carcinoma was the predominant pattern (63.3%) %) followed by lobular carcinoma (23.8%)& mixed ductal and lobular subtype (5.5%). In terms of grade, 32 were ungraded while 33 cases were moderately differentiated, 37 as poor and 7 as well differentiated. Practical implication: Researchers and medical experts can identify trends and risk factors associated with breast cancer in various age groups, which can help them develop prevention and treatment plans. The advancements in screening and detection as well as the establishment of tailored treatments for various age groups are some of the practical ramifications of the above information. Conclusion: Screening programs must be carried out on regular basis at national level as earlier diagnosis of breast malignancy can lessen chances of metastatic breast disease thereby improving the life expectancy in Pakistani women. Keywords: Breast, Cancer, Patterns, Histopathology, Diagnosis, Tumor grade, Pakistani, Females