Aim: To evaluate the transvaginal ultrasound in management of abnormal uterine bleeding. Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Hospital Sukkur from 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: In this prospective study one hundred patients were enrolled. The patients were scrutinized on bases of their abnormal uterine bleeding and underwent transvaginal ultrasound. The clinical and demographic information was recorded and the sonographic results were evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference of age with the number of their births. Menorrhagia was observed in 13% while 57(57%) had metrorrhagia and 30% were having menometrorrhagia. The abnormal uterine bleeding diagnosis was made and it was seen that 61% leiomyoma, 22% polyp, 12% adenomyosis and 5% endometrial adenocarcinoma cases were presented respectively. Within these cases endometrial adenocarcinoma had transvaginal scan sensitivity of 100% followed by leiomyoma as 93% transvaginal scan sensitivity in cases. Conclusion: Transvaginal ultrasound is an efficient way of managing abnormal uterine bleeding. Keywords: Uterine bleeding, Transvaginal, Ultrasonography

Large aneurysms seen in renal angiomyolipoma are usually more common in patients with tuberous sclerosis in comparison with sporadic cases and they are more prone to hemorrhage ranging from renal hematoma to life-threatening perirenal hemorrhages. We present a case of 13-year female patient who was referred to Civil Hospital, Karachi, with bilateral flank pain, cutaneous nodule and low intelligence. Her color doppler ultrasound revealed pseudoaneurysm in left kidney on the background of bilateral renal angiomyolipomas. Contrast enhanced CT scan confirmed various radiological manifestations of tuberous sclerosis including subependymal tubers, bilateral angiomyolipomas, and pseudoaneurysm associated with perinephric hemorrhage in left kidney.

One of the important components of foreign capital is foreign aid that helps to address macroeconomic issues of recipient country. Macroeconomic disorders such as poverty and unemployment are tackled through foreign aid. Need of time is to evaluated the factors that affect the flow of foreign aid. Data of study was gathered from 1980 to 2019. Findings of study confirmed negative relationship of control of corruption on foreign aid. Likewise, negative relationship was found with political stability and government effectiveness with foreign aid. As a policy implication, government is to focus on settling down internal unrest on account of such governance indictors. It is so to gain more benefit from the same to overcome macroeconomic disorders.

Aim: To assess the role of computed tomography for management of Covid-19. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Teaching Hospital Sukkur from 1st November 2020 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: One hundred cases within various ages 5-55 years for analyzing their risk for CT scanning on them by highlighting the facts related to CT scan, patient perceptions and uncertainties regarding it. A 50 radiologist and 50 emergency doctors were also asked questions regarding their knowledge about CT scan risks and their responses were also documented. However previous CT record of patients suffering from carcinoma was also analyzed for understanding the fact related with CT imaging. Results: The mean age of patients undergoing CT scan was 39.5±5.6 years. There were 55% males who underwent CT scans while 45% females. The usual dosage for various radiological procedure shows that highest dose deliverance was given to the patients of CT pulmonary angiogram and coronary angiography. Only 50% of radiologists knew that CT scan is associated with high risk of malignancies. There were only 10% emergency medical doctors who also knew CT imaging relation with malignancy risk. Only 54% patients considered abdomen pelvic scan to be associated with increasing lifetime risk of cancer while 23% of the patients considered chest scan to be associated with escalating the risk of cancer. Conclusion: Computed tomography scan is related with a high risk of radiation exposure. There is a dire need of perception development and risk understanding with medical professionals and general public for minimizing this risk. Key words: Computed tomography, Risk, Facts, Perception, Uncertainties

Aim: To assess the role of chest computed tomography for management of Covid-19. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women, Nawabshah, Shaheed Benazirabad from 1st August 2020 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: Two hundred patients were enrolled within the age range of 18-70 years. The clinical/medical record of all those patients who were moderately to critically ill assessed in detail. These patients visited the hospital with symptoms of cough, fever, hypoxia, dyspnea, diarrhoea, flu, headache and other related symptoms. All patients underwent chest reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction as well as chest computed tomography scan. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed through nasopharyngeal swab. Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.5±5.6 years with 120 (60%) males and 80 (40%) females. The specificity was 75%, sensitivity 100%, positive predictive value 79%, negative predictive value 66.67% and diagnostic accuracy 75%. Conclusion: Computed tomography scan imaging is a most reliable with high sensitivity and non-predictive value Key words: Role, Computed tomography imaging, Management, Covid-19