In this study cefixime and azithromycin nanoparticles were prepared by antisolvent precipitation with syringe pump (APSP) and evaporator precipitation nanosuspension (EPN) methods. The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TGA. X-ray diffraction pattern of cefixime samples showed the amorphous form, while azithromycin samples showed crystalline form. The FTIR spectra of parental drugs and synthesized nanoparticles have no major structural changes detected. The SEM images showed that nanoparticles of both drugs have submicron sized and nanosized particles. TGA analyses showed that above 30°C the decomposition of cefixime samples starts and their weight gradually decreases up to 600°C, while, in case of azithromycin, 30°C to 250°C, very small changes occur in weight; from above 250°C decomposition of the sample took place to a greater extent. The antibacterial activities of raw drugs and prepared samples of nanoparticles were determined againstStaphylococcus aureus,Shigella,E. coli, andSalmonella typhiby agar well diffusion method. Every time the nanoparticles samples showed better results than parental drugs. The dissolution rates of raw drugs and prepared nanoparticles were also determined. The results were always better for the synthesized nanoparticles than parental drug.

We present a new variant of Lane-Riesenfeld algorithm for curves and surfaces both. Our refining operator is the modification of Chaikin/Doo-Sabin subdivision operator, while each smoothing operator is the weighted average of the four/sixteen adjacent points. Our refining operator depends on two parameters (shape and smoothing parameters). So we get new families of univariate and bivariate approximating subdivision schemes with two parameters. The bivariate schemes are the nontensor product schemes for quadrilateral meshes. Moreover, we also present analysis of our families of schemes. Furthermore, our schemes give cubic polynomial reproduction for a specific value of the shape parameter. The nonuniform setting of our univariate and bivariate schemes gives better performance than that of the uniform schemes.

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