This study is designed to determine the cognitive impairments in individuals with Down syndrome. This study was conducted in September to November 2014. Sample of 30 patients was taken by using purposive sampling technique within three months. Observational and Cross-sectional study design was used. This was a hospitalbased study in which patients with Down's syndrome between the age range of 5-18 and both genders were included. A structured questionnaire was developed that was based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development to assess the cognitive abilities by assessing tasks related to developmental ages. Out of those 30 patients 15(50٪) were male and 15(50٪) were females. Most of the patients were found in age range of 5-10 years according to frequency 16 (53.3٪) followed by 10 (33.3٪) patients in 10-15 years and 4 (13.3٪) in 15-20 years. The preoperational stage of cognitive development showed that the girls were more impaired. Pretend-play (boys (50%), girls(46.7%)),Centration(boys(40.%), girls(33.3%) and irreversibility boys (50%) girls(40.%) are the aspects in which boys were tending to show better than boys. In concrete operational stage and in formal operational stage both genders were tending to show equal impairments in their cognitive aspects. In the children with Down syndrome it is observed that there is high frequency of cognitive impairment and girls are more cognitively impaired than boys. While the tasks which require more accuracy and intelligence such as reasoning, meta-cognition, inductive and deductive reasoning are rarely present in both genders.

Speech is the verbal mean of producing language & Language is the conceptual processing of communication. Children are considered to have speech delay if their speech development is considerably below the norm for children of same age.

Introduction: Personal satisfaction (Quality of Life; QoL) is the person's impression of their own prosperity. Aphasia is the most significant likely result of stroke and profoundly affects a patient's life, causing enthusiastic pain, sadness, and social separation, because of loss of language capacities. Objective: To document personal satisfaction in patients with aphasia. Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at a Speech Clinic from October 2018 to March 2019 on 57 patients of aphasia to assess their quality of life. Informed consent was taken from respondents. Patients having aphasia due to any neurological cause or traumatic brain injury were included in study, while patients having childhood aphasia were excluded. Standardized questionnaire “Measuring changes in Quality of life in persons with aphasia: Is Communication Confidence a good measure?” was used to obtain information from participants through purposive sampling. Data were collected by face to face interviews with patients and their caregivers. Descriptive data analysis was done through SPSS. Results: Majority (68.42%) of respondents did not feel confident about their ability to convey meaning via speech with people. Difficulties in social communication were also a reason of concern for 45.61% participants, whereas 50.87% participants stated that they could not make their decisions. Conclusion: Patients suffering from aphasia had low quality of life, mainly due to their communication disabilities and dependence on other people for understanding, as well as the fact that their caretakers had to take decisions for them.