Endoscopic ultrasound enables visualization of lesions within and in the vicinity of the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS‐FNAC) helps in targeting various luminal and extraluminal lesions both diagnostically and therapeutically. Various intra‐abdominal organs amenable to EUS‐FNA include the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), pancreas, kidney, adrenal gland, liver, bile duct, gallbladder, spleen, and lymph nodes. EUS‐FNAC is mostly done for pancreatic and intra‐abdominal lymph nodal lesions. In the present review, we have discussed various aspects of EUS‐FNAC.

Background Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of B cell origin, and uncommonly it affects the lymph node. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lymph node of HCL has rarely been described. Case description and diagnosis A 41‐year‐old man presented with pallor, fever, tachycardia, generalized lymphadenopathy, and massive splenomegaly. The FNAC of the cervical lymph node was done. The smears showed many atypical lymphocytes with a plasmacytoid appearance. There were many large cells with round to reniform shaped nuclei having with hair‐like cytoplasmic processes. Flow cytometry (FCM) revealed a clonal B cell population with light chain restriction and positive CD20, CD79b, CD22, CD11c, CD25, CD103, CD123, and CD200 markers. Conclusion The characteristic cytological features such as atypical lymphoid cells, large cells with hairy projections along with FCM findings, are helpful in the diagnosis of HCL.

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