No abstract

Microneedle devices are a promising minimally invasive means of delivering drugs/vaccines across or into the skin. However, there is currently a diversity of microneedle designs and application methods that have, primarily, been intuitively developed by the research community. To enable the rational design of optimised microneedle devices, a greater understanding of human skin biomechanics under small deformations is required. This study aims to develop a representative stratified model of human skin, informed by in vivo data. A multilayer finite element model incorporating the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis was established. This was correlated with a series of in-vivo indentation measurements, and the Ogden material coefficients were optimised using a material parameter extraction algorithm. The finite element simulation was subsequently used to model microneedle application to human skin before penetration and was validated by comparing these predictions with the in-vivo measurements. Our model has provided an excellent tool to predict micron-scale human skin deformation in vivo and is currently being used to inform optimised microneedle designs.

The Better Public Services Advisory Group report (November 2011) noted that innovation in the New Zealand public management system is currently ‘stifled by a lack of capability, an undue degree of risk aversion on the part of chief executives, boards and Ministers and little consideration of how to manage risk in this context’ (Better Public Services Advisory Group, 2011, p.20). In launching the Better Public Services report and results, the prime minister called for ‘a public sector that embraces innovation’