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Until the 1970s, most studies of late antique and early medieval Iberia focused on a monolithic entity constructed by Iberian historians concerned about the nature and origins of their own nations and identities. The unified, centralized, Catholic Visigothic state dominated historical narratives for decades, defining categories and methods of analysis, questions addressed, and the basic shape of the period. While a statecentred historiography tied to national concerns was not unusual in the twentieth century, the Iberian narratives that were generated -like the trajectory of modern Iberian history -were distinct, setting both

In Spain around 624, Bishop Martianus was deposed by a church council led by Bishop Isidore of Seville. The fact that Martianus had been framed came to light at another council in 633, which then issued canons meant to prevent future abuses, and to institutionalize provincial councils as centrally‐controlled tribunals for local dispute settlements. These events illuminate the problems involved in the Visigothic church's programme for kingdom‐wide religious uniformity.

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