Background: Women are more susceptible to dental caries, especially in pregnant women. The prevalence of dental caries during pregnancy in developed countries is found to be 41%-52%, while in developing countries it is 60%-87%. Pregnant women have higher risk of dental caries compared to women who are not pregnant. The risk of dental caries can be assessed through changing saliva on pregnant women. Saliva viscosity can assess the risk of dental caries because if saliva viscosity increases it will result in ineffective cleaning of the oral cavity. Objective: To analyze the relationship of saliva viscosity with the incidence of dental caries in pregnant women. Method: This research used literature review method with narrative review procedure. Literature searches are done using Google Scholar and PubMed. Result: There were 30 journals that fulfilled this study by 2013-2020, Indonesian and English journals, available in full-text form, journals with discussion of saliva viscosity in pregnant women and dental caries in pregnant women. Conclusion: There was a relationship between saliva viscosity and dental caries in pregnant women. Keywords: Dental caries, pregnant women, salivary viscosity ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Perempuan lebih rentan terhadap karies gigi, khususnya pada ibu hamil. Angka prevalensi karies gigi pada masa kehamilan di negara maju ditemukan sebesar 41%-52%, sedangkan di negara berkembang sebesar 60%-87%. Ibu hamil memiliki risiko karies gigi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan wanita yang tidak hamil. Risiko karies gigi dapat dinilai melalui perubahan saliva ibu hamil. Viskositas saliva dapat menilai risiko dari karies gigi karena jika viskositas saliva meningkat akan mengakibatkan pembersihan rongga mulut menjadi tidak efektif. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan viskositas saliva dengan kejadian karies gigi pada ibu hamil. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan prosedur naratif review. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan menggunakan Google Scholar dan PubMed. Hasil: Terdapat 30 jurnal yang memenuhi penelitian ini dengan jurnal tahun 2013-2020, jurnal berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris, tersedia dalam bentuk full-text, jurnal dengan pembahasan viskositas saliva  pada ibu hamil dan karies gigi pada ibu hamil. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan viskositas saliva dengan karies gigi pada ibu hamil. Kata kunci: Ibu hamil, karies gigi, viskositas saliva

Background: The condition of oral health in Indonesia and the world remains a serious problem. One of the dental and oral health problems with a high prevalence is malocclusion. Malocclusion can be experienced by children, adolescents, and adults. Malocclusion require proper treatment by performing orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment needs can be measured by using a malocclusion index, one of them is the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).  Purpose: The purpose was to determine the need  of orthodontic treatment based on  the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need in  adolescents. Methods: The literature review with the narrative review analysis method by looked for similarities and dissimilarities, provided viewpoint, compared, and created summaries. Results: The need of orthodontic treatment based on the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need showed an average of 60.5% of adolescents did not need orthodontic treatment with the lowest prevalence of 22.4% and the highest prevalence of 96.6%, at the same time,  adolescents who urgently needed orthodontic treatment an average of 20.6%, with the lowest prevalence  approximately 0.028% and the highest  prevalence of 63.3%. Conclusion: The level of orthodontic treatment needs based on the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need showed that an average of 60.5% of adolescents did not need orthodontic treatment and an average of 20.6% of adolescents were in highly need of orthodontic treatment. Through this study, the community was expected to take care of dental and oral health, especially related to malocclusion to prevent the increase of  orthodontic treatment needs. Keywords: adolescents, index, orthodontic treatment need, school children ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kondisi kesehatan gigi dan mulut masyarakat di Indonesia maupun dunia masih menjadi masalah serius. Salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi tinggi adalah maloklusi. Maloklusi dapat dialami oleh anak-anak, remaja, hingga orang dewasa. Kondisi maloklusi membutuhkan penanganan yang tepat yaitu dengan melakukan perawatan ortodontik. Kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti seseorang dapat diukur menggunakan indeks maloklusi, salah satunya dengan Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Tujuan: Tujuan studi literatur ini adalah untuk mengetahui kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti berdasarkan Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need pada remaja. Metode: Literature review dengan metode analisis narrative review dengan mencari kesamaan, mencari ketidaksamaan, memberikan pandangan, membandingkan, dan membuat ringkasan. Hasil: Kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti berdasarkan Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need menunjukkan rata-rata 60,5% remaja tidak membutuhkan perawatan ortodonti dengan prevalensi paling rendah sebesar 22,4% dan prevalensi paling tinggi adalah 96,6%, sedangkan remaja yang sangat membutuhkan perawatan ortodonti rata-rata 20,6% dengan prevalensi paling rendah sekitar 0,028% dan prevalensi paling tinggi adalah 63,3%. Kesimpulan: Tingkat kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti berdasarkan Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata 60,5% remaja tidak membutuhkan perawatan ortodonti dan rata-rata 20,6% remaja sangat membutuhkan perawatan ortodonti. Melalui studi ini masyarakat diharapkan dapat menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya khususnya terkait maloklusi untuk mencegah peningkatan kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti. Kata kunci: anak sekolah, indeks, kebutuhan perawatan ortodonti, remaja

Background: Dental and oral health problems according to Riskesdas (2018) in Indonesia is 57.6% and South Borneo is almost 60%. High level of damage in South Borneo is caused by the people still consumption of river water as a source of clean water. Caries can be treated by restoration of tooth, one of them is water settable GIC.. Objective: Knowing the effect of water settable GIC immersion in river water and PDAM water to diametric tensile strength. Method: This study used a true experimental laboratory research method with a post test only design with a control group design on 27 samples which were divided into 3 groups immersion.  Result: This research shows that the mean of diametric tensile strength in group 1 (7.15 MPa), group 2 (8.42 MPa), and group 3 (10.54 MPa). The One Way Anova statistical test shows the value of (P <0.05) which means that there is a significant difference in the value of the diametric tensile strength of each treatment group. Conclusion: There is an effect on the decrease in the value of the diametric tensile strength after immersion of water settable GIC in river water and PDAM water.Keyword: Diametral Tensile Strength, GIC Immersion, River Water.

Background: Caramunting leaf (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) is an alternative pulp capping material that can provide anti-inflammatory effects. Phytochemical screening showed that caramunting leaf has secondary metabolites that inhibit oxidant production by neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. The decrease in inflammatory activity was marked by a decrease in the number of neutrophils on 3rd day as the inflammatory process decreased. Purpose: To determine and analyze the effect of Karamunting leaf extract (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) at the dose of 800mg/KgBB on the neutrophil number in pulp inflammation of Wistar rats on 1st and 3rd day. Methods: This study was true experimental research (post-test only with control group design) using 30 Wistar rats divided into 6 groups which were given pulp capping material on the 1st and 3rd day using calcium hydroxide, Karamunting leaf extract, and without pulp capping material. The number of neutrophils was observed microscopically on the 1st and 3rd day. Results: One-way ANOVA and Post hoc Bonferroni test showed significant differences (p<0.05) in all groups. Conclusion: The administration of Karamunting leaf extract (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) at the dose of 800mg/KgBB had a significant effect on reducing the neutrophil number in pulp inflammation of Wistar rats on 1st and 3rd day. Keywords: Karamunting leaf (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), neutrophils, pulp capping. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Daun Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) merupakan salah satu bahan alternatif pulp capping yang dapat memberikan efek antiinflamasi. Skrining fitokimia menunjukan daun karamunting memiliki metabolit sekunder yang menghambat produksi oksidan oleh neutrofil, monosit dan makrofag. Penurunan aktivitas inflamasi salah satunya ditandai oleh penurunan jumlah neutrofil dihari ke-3 seiring berkurangnya proses inflamasi. Tujuan: Mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) dosis 800mg/KgBB terhadap jumlah sel neutrofil pada inflamasi pulpa tikus wistar di hari ke-1 dan ke-3. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni dengan rancangan post-test only with control group design menggunakan 30 ekor tikus wistar dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yang akan diberikan bahan pulp capping pada hari ke-1 dan ke-3 menggunakan kalsium hidroksida, ekstrak daun karamunting, dan tanpa pemberian bahan pulp capping. Jumlah neutrofil diamati secara mikroskopis di hari ke-1 dan hari ke-3. Hasil: One-way Anova dan Post hoc bonferroni menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) pada semua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak daun karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) dosis 800mg/KgBB memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penurunan jumlah sel neutrofil pada inflamasi pulpa tikus wistar di hari ke-1 dan ke-3. Kata kunci : daun karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), neutrophil, pulp capping.