Context: Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl plant is used for traditional therapy because of its content, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and coumarins. Aims: To determine the antibacterial ability of S. jamaicensis roots extract (SJRE) on some selected mouth bacteria through in vitro and in silico studies. Methods: Phytochemical analysis and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) were done to explore the active compounds on SJRE. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity prediction, molecular docking simulation and visualization of luvangetin, and xanthyletin as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial were investigated in silico. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of SJRE against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Actinomyces spp. were calculated. Results: Luvangetin and xanthyletin are good candidate drug molecules with low toxicity. Xanthyletin has higher binding activity than luvangetin to TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, peptidoglycan, flagellin, and dectin protein. SJRE exhibited a high antibacterial ability, and MIC. This extract inhibits the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans, E. faecalis and Actinomyces spp. at various concentrations 2000, 8000, and 8000 µg/mL, respectively, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.0001; p<0.05). Conclusions: SJRE has an antibacterial ability, and 2000 µg/mL SJRE may act as an antibacterial agent in vitro. In addition, xanthyletin in SJRE has a potential role as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory in silico.
Background: The improper irradiation process causes imperfect polymerization, so that the hardness of the composite resin, material strength, and color stability of the resulting composite resin are not optimal and water absorption increases. The long irradiation distance will result in the intensity of the light obtained getting smaller because the light can not reach the composite resin optimally and the degree of perfection of the polymerization of the composite resin will decrease. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between the irradiation distance and the degree of conversion of the bioactive composite resin and to analyze the ratio of the irradiation distance of 0 mm, 1 mm, and 5 mm to the value of the degree of conversion of the bioactive composite resin. Methods: This research uses a true experimental method with a post-test only design with a control group design with a simple random sampling technique. Results: The results showed that the highest degree of conversion of bioactive composite resins was at a 0 mm irradiation distance of 38.57%, 1 mm irradiation of 36.02% and the lowest was at a 5 mm irradiation distance of 31.90%. Conclusion: The highest degree of conversion of bioactive composite resin is at a 0 mm irradiation distance. Keywords: Beam distance, Composite resin, Degree of conversion, Light intensityABSTRAKLatar belakang: Proses penyinaran yang kurang tepat menyebabkan polimerisasi tidak sempurna, sehingga kekerasan dari resin komposit, kekuatan bahan, stabilitas warna dari resin komposit yang dihasilkan tidak maksimal serta penyerapan air meningkat. Jarak penyinaran yang jauh akan mengakibatkan intensitas sinar yang didapat semakin kecil karena sinar tidak dapat mencapai resin komposit secara optimal dan derajat kesempurnaan polimerisasi resin komposit akan berkurang. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan jarak penyinaran terhadap nilai derajat konversi resin komposit bioaktif serta menganalisis perbandingan jarak penyinaran 0 mm, 1 mm, dan 5 mm terhadap nilai derajat konversi resin komposit bioaktif. Metode: penelitan ini menggunakan metode eksperimental murni (true experimental) dengan rancangan post-test only with control group design dengan teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai derajat konversi resin komposit bioaktif tertinggi berada pada jarak penyinaran 0 mm sebesar 38.57%, penyinaran 1 mm sebesar 36.02% dan terendah berada pada jarak penyinaran 5 mm sebesar 31.90%. Kesimpulan: Nilai derajat konversi resin komposit bioaktif tertinggi berada pada jarak penyinaran 0 mm. Kata Kunci: Derajat konversi, Intensitas sinar, Jarak sinar, Resin komposit
ABSTRAKPreparasi kemomekanik pada saluran akar meliputi instrumentasi mekanis dan irigasi antibakteri yang secara prinsip dapat langsung mengeliminasi mikroorganisme pada sistem saluran akar. sejak diperkenalkan pada tahun 1988, instrumen rotary nikel-titanium (niti) telah digunakan secara umum dalam perawatan endodontik karena kemampuannya membentuk saluran akar dengan prosedur komplikasi yang minimal. Tujuan dari laporan kasus ini adalah untuk memaparkan perawatan saluran akar satu kunjungan menggunakan protaper rotary dan restorasi resin komposit gigi premolar. Penderita pria 21 tahun datang ke RSGM Prof. Soedomo UGM Yogyakarta mengeluhkan gigi belakang atas kiri yang berlubang tapi tidak sakit dan pasien ingin dirawat.Gigi Premolar satu atas kiri terdapat kavitas disto oklusal dengan pulpa terbuka.Pemeriksan objektif pada gigi 24 sondasi, perkusi, palpasi, dan tes termal menunjukkan hasil negatif.Pemeriksaan radiografis tidak terdapat lesi, lamina dura tidak terputus dan saluran akar jelas dan lurus. Pada kasus ini dilakukan perawatan saluran akar dengan menggunakan ProTaper rotary ( X-Smart, Dentsply). Pasca perawatan saluran akar, gigi premolar satu atas kiri dilakukan tumpatan resin komposit kelas II.Hasil evaluasi klinik saat kontrol tidak ada keluhan rasa sakit, pemeriksaan objektif juga tidak ada rasa sakit, warna gigi serasi dengan warna gigi tetangga.prognosis pada kasus ini baik dan tidak ada keluhan. Kesimpulan paska perawatan saluran akar satu kunjungan dengan instrumenrotary, tidak terdapat keluhan.Penggunaan Instrumen rotary Nikel-Titanium (NiTi) sangat flexible dengan prosedur komplikasi yang minimal, dan hemat waktu. Chemomechanical preparation for root canal including mechanic instrumentation and anti-bacterial irrigation principally could eliminate microorganisms in root canal system. Many instruments and techniques have been described and developed for initial root canal treatment. Since first established in 1988, nikel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instrument has been used for endodontic treatment because of its capability in forming the PENDAHULUANPulpa adalah organ normatif gigi dan berperan dalam pembangunan dentin primer selama perkembangan gigi, dentin sekunder setelah erupsi, dan dentin reparatif sebagai respon terhadap stimuli selama odontoblas tetap utuh. Pulpa bereaksi terhadap stimuli panas dan dingin yang hanya dirasakan sebagai rasa sakit. Pulpa gigi, biasanya tahan terhadap stimuli panas dengan temperatur antara 60 0 F (16 0 C) dan 130 0 F ( 55 0 C) yang dikenakan langsung
Background: The field of medicine is currently experiencing high progress, one of which is the radiography. The use of X-rays in medicine is as a diagnostic and therapeutic aid. X-rays can be used for diagnosis and treatment of patients. Therapy using radiation is called radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is one way of dealing with cancer, including cancer of the head and neck. The basic principle in radiotherapy for cancer or malignancy is to cause damage to every molecule that is exposed to radiation, resulting in the rupture of cell molecules so that cell damage occurs. Objective: To review various research articles related to the description of the effect of radiation on salivary pH. Methods: A review was conducted on 8 journals that were found to match the inclusion criteria such as journals available in full-text form and research subjects on the effect of radiation on salivary pH. Results: Based on 8 articles that have been reviewed, it was found that 8 articles (100%) stated that there was an effect of radiation on salivary pH after exposure to radiation after radiotherapy. The results showed that articles related to decreasing salivary pH stated that after being exposed to radiation after radiotherapy they tended to decrease salivary pH rather than increase it. Conclusion: there was a decrease in salivary pH after exposure to radiation. Keywords: Radiation, radiotherapy, salivary glands, salivary pH, X-rays. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Bidang kedokteran saat ini telah mengalami kemajuan yang tinggi, salah satunya bagian radiografi. Penggunaan sinar-X dalam bidang kedokteran adalah sebagai alat bantu diagnostik dan terapi. Sinar-X dapat dimanfaatkan untuk diagnosa maupun terapi pasien. Terapi dengan menggunakan radiasi disebut radioterapi. Radioterapi merupakan salah satu cara dalam usaha menanggulangi kanker, termasuk kanker pada bagian kepala dan leher. Prinsip dasar dalam radioterapi kanker atau keganasan adalah menimbulkan kerusakan pada setiap molekul yang terkena paparan sinar radiasinya mengakibatkan pecahnya molekul-molekul sel sehingga terjadi kerusakan sel. Tujuan: Mengulas berbagai artikel penelitian yang berkaitan dengan gambaran pengaruh radiasi terhadap pH saliva. Metode: Review dilakukan pada 8 jurnal yang ditemukan sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi seperti jurnal tersedia dalam bentuk full-text dan subjek penelitian pengaruh radiasi terhadap pH saliva. Hasil: Berdasarkan 8 artikel yang telah dilakukan telaah, didapatkan bahwa 8 artikel (100%) menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh radiasi terhadap pH saliva setelah terkena paparan radiasi pasca radioterapi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa artikel yang berkaitan dengan penurunan pH saliva menyatakan setelah terkena radiasi pasca radioterapi cenderung dapat menurunkan pH saliva daripada meningkatkan pH tersebut. Kesimpulan: Terjadi penurunan pH saliva setelah terkena paparan radiasi. Kata kunci: Kelenjar saliva, , pH saliva, radiasi, radioterapi, sinar-X.
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