Background Pneumocephalus is a well-known complication in the surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematomas; however, its influence remains controversial. The amount of subdural air may vary, and it may cause worsening of symptoms, increase reoccurrence rates, and worsen the outcomes. Lethal outcome following acute onset of massive pneumocephalus was not previously reported. Case Report An 81-year-old man with bilateral hematomas underwent surgery under local anesthesia. Both hematomas were approached in the same surgery, and the drains were placed subdurally. After initial improvement, severe hypertension developed, followed by vital function and neurologic deterioration. Massive pneumocephalus with subarachnoid and contralateral intracerebral hemorrhage was revealed, causing a severe midsagittal shift. Emergency irrigation to evacuate subdural air was performed. However, there was no improvement. Further computed tomography confirmed subdural air collection, but it also revealed hemorrhage progression and intraventricular propagation. No further surgery was indicated. Conclusion Pneumocephalus is an underestimated but potentially devastating complication. Both intraoperative avoidance and postoperative prevention should be utilized to avoid subdural air ingress, and thus evade potentially fatal complications.
Apstraktdiskus hernija je bolest međupršljenskog diska kičmenog stuba koja nastaje kao posledica prolapsa (hernijacije) i prodora želatinoznog jezgra međupršljenskog diska u međupršljenske otvore (lat. foramina intervertebrales) gde vrši pritisak na korenove spinalnih živaca, a ponekad i centralno u spinalni kanal i prostor u kome se nalaze kičmena moždina i kauda ekvina koje takođe komprimuje.Uzrok diskus hernije je često fizičko preopterećenje već postojećih oštećenja međupršljenskog diska, herniacija diska, reumatične i zapaljenjske bolesti, ali i bezuzročna koja nastaje bez uticaja ikakvih spoljnih uzroka. simptomi diskus hernije su: jak bol, najčešće lokalizovan u leđima i udovima, iradijacija bola, ukočenost i ponekad paraliza. Lečenje je konzervativno, a kod težih slučajeva i operativno.Ključne reči: diskus hernija, operacija, istorija Abstract a spinal disc herniation is a medical condition affecting the spine due to trauma, lifting injuries, or idiopathic, in which a tear in the outer, fibrous ring of an intervertebral disc (discus intervertebralis) allows the soft, central portion (nucleus pulposus) to bulge out beyond the damaged outer rings. disc herniations can result from general wear and tear, such as when performing jobs that require constant sitting. However, herniations often result from jobs that require lifting. symptoms of a herniated disc can vary depending on the location of the herniation and the types of soft tissue that become involved. They can range from little or no pain if the disc is the only tissue injured, to severe and unrelenting neck or low back pain. The treatment is, in most of cases conservative, althought in some resistance ones operative method is required. Disc herniation -history and definitionKey words: disc herniation, operation,history Istorijat discus hernia je prvi put pronadjena na anatomskom preparatu 1858. godine (Luschka). Kocher je prvi opisao protruziju intervertebralnog disca 1896,ali je anatomska uloga tkiva nukleus pulposusa ostala nepoznata sve do 1930. Tada su alajouanine i Petit dutaillis utvrdili na više slučajeva pravi razlog radikularne kompresije. do tada je nukleus pulposus protruzija smatrana kao ekstraduralni tumor pr. chondroma, enchondroma, ecchondroma pa i fibroma. sve do 1934. godine lečenje discus hernije je bilo konzervativno, a onda su Mixter i Barr objavili rad u N England j ; pod nazivom" ruptura interververtebralnog diska sa ulaskom u spinalni kanal". To je bio prvi objavljeni rad operativnog lečenja ove bolesti. Od tada pa do dan danas ciljevi operativnog rada su da se uradi dekompresija lumbalnih neuralnih elemenata sa očuvanjem normalne anatomije i biomehanike. EpidemiologijaOko 65% svih kompresivnih lezija korenova kičmenih živaca odnosi se na lumbosakrane radikulopatije i najčešće je prisutna kod korenova L5 i s1 1-3 . U vratnom delu kičme hernijacija diska nastaje najčešće u nivoima C5-6 i C6-7 4, 5 . Najčešče operisani discus je lumbalni oko 90%, zatim sledi vratni oko 8 %i torakalni najređi oko 2% 6, 7 . U sjedinjenim američkim ...
The present study was performed to establish the socioepidemiological caracteristics (mean age, male to female ratio), the prevalence of various histological types of meningiomas in the groups of primary and recidivant tumors as well as Cathepsin d immunoexpression. We analysed 50 patients with primary and recidivant intracranial and intraspinal meningiomas who underwent surgery in KBC Zemun during the year 2004, with a two years follow-up. all surgical specimen were evaluated for histologic type of tumor and representative slides were immunostained with the anti-Cathepsin d antibody. In both primary and recidivant meningioma groups the number of mitosis, as factor tumor agressivness, was counted on 10 and 20 HPF and those results were statistically analyzed. a considerable difference was found when the number of mitosis and the histologic tumor grade have been compared with the Cathepsin d immunoexpression. The result lead to conlusion that the immunopositivity of Cathepsin d decreases with higher mitosis count and higher tumor grade. ApstraktOva studija je izvedena zbog utvrđivanja socioepidemioloških karakteristika (srednja starost, odnos muškaraca i žena), prevalence različitih histoloških tipova meningeoma u grupi primarnih i recidivantnih tumora kao i Katepsin d imunoekspresije. analizirali smo 50 pacijenata sa primarnim i recidivantnim, intrakranijalnim i intraspinalnim meningeomima koji su operisani u KBC Zemun -Beograd u toku 2004. godine , sa dve godine praćenja. svi hirurški uzorci su bili procenjeni kao adekvatan histološki tip, a reprezentativni preseci su imuno-obojeni sa anti-Katepsin d antitelima. Kod oba tipa, primarnog i recidivantnog meningeoma, broj mitoza, kao faktor agresivnosti tumora, brojan je na uveličanjima 10x i 20x ( HPF), i ti rezultati su statistič-ki obrađeni. Značajna razlika je utvrđena kada je broj mitoza i histološki gradus tumara upoređen sa Katepsin d imunoekspresijom. rezultati su doveli do zaključka da sa većim brojem mitoza i višim histološkim gradusom tumora , imunopozitivnost Katepsina d opada.
Schwannomas are benign sheat tumors composed of Schwann cells, which are covering peripheral nervs. Althought schwannomas can be found in any localisation, retroperitoneal scheannomas are extremly rare. Multiple schwannomas (neurilemomas) can be part of neurofibromatosis type II, as well as schwannomatosis. Depending on tumor localization, disease symptoms differ. We present a patient with multiple spinal as well as peripheral schwannomas as a part of schwannomatosis. Patient was successfully operated in cooperation between general surgeon and neurosurgeon. ApstraktŠvanomi su tumori porekla Švanovih ćelija, koje učestviju u građi omotača perifernih nerava. Iako se švanomi mogu naći na bilo kojoj lokalizaciji, u retroperitonealnom prostoru su izuzetno retki. Multipli švanomi (raniji naziv: neurilemomi) mogu se naći u sklopu neurofibromatoze tip II, kao i u sklopu švanomatoze. U zavisnosti od lokalizacije švanoma, simtpomatologija je različita. Mi prikazujemo pacijenta sa multiplim spinalnim, ali i perifernim švanomima u sklopu švanomatoze, koji je u više navrata uspešno operisan multidisciplinarnim pristupom i saradnjom opšteg hirurga i neurohirurga. Ključne reči Švanomi; Neurofibromatoza UvodŠvanomi predstavljaju jednu od najčešćih solitarnih lezija 1 . Međutim, mogu se javiti i kao multiple lezije u sklopu bolesti kao što su neurofibromatoza i švanomatoza 2 , koje se karakterišu multiplim švanomima 3 . Za razliku od švanomatoze, kod neurofibromatoze tip II pored multiplih perifernih švanoma i spinalnih švanoma, javljaju se i bilateralni švanomi vestibularnih nerava. Takođe, u odnosu na švanomatozu, neurofibromatoza tip II predstavlja ozbiljno, progresivno oboljenje, koje neretko ugrožava život pacijenta 4 . Bol je čest simptom kod švanomatoze, dok se motorna slabost retko javlja 5 .Mi prikazujemo pacijenta sa multiplim spinalnim, ali i perifernim švanomima, koji je u više navrata uspešno operisan multidisciplinarnim pristupom i saradnjom opšteg hirurga i neurohirurga. Kod pacijenta se pored bola javila i motorna slabost mišića pokretača desnog stopala. Prikaz slučajaPrikazujemo pacijenta starosne dobi 47 godina koji se prvi put javio lekaru u svojoj 37 godini zbog bolova u donjem delu leđa, kao i duž spoljašnje strane desne butine. Nakon urađene magnetne rezonance torakalne i lumbo-sakralne kičme na kojoj je viđena tumorska formacija benignih karakteristika u nivou Th12 do L1 pacijent je upućen neurohirurgu, te je ubrzo operisan i odstranjena promena je patohistološki verifikovana kao švanom. Pacijent je nakon toga bio bez bolova uz laki osećaj trnjenja u desnoj butini. Tokom sledećih nekoliko
Benović radomir, živković Nenad, stanić Milenko služba neurohirurgije, Kliničko bolnički centar Zemun, Beograd ApstraktNajčešći tumori pontocerebelarnog ugla su vestibularni Švanomi i meningiomi. Znatno ređe se javljaju holestatomi, astrocitomi, metastaze, meduloblastomi, hondrosarkomi, hordomi, lipomi, horoidni pleksus papilomi, teratomi. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi zastupljenost tumora prema polu, rasprostranjenost tumora prema starosnim grupama, učestalost tumora prema histološkom tipu i odnos veličine tumora, simptomatologije i prognoze bolesti. U periodu od 2006. do 2010. godine u KBC Zemun na odeljenju neurohirurgije ispitivano je i lečeno 38 pacijenta sa intrakranijalnim ekspanzivnim procesima u PCU. Prema dobijenim rezultatima najučestaliji tumor je Švanom i nešto je prisutniji u ženskoj populaciji. dominantni simptomi bolesti su oštećenje VIII, kao i parcijalne lezije V nerva i cerebelarna simptomatologija, dok je najređe ledirana donja grupa nerava, kao i sam facijalis. Metod lečenja pacijenata sa tumorima ove regije je mikrohirurška ekstirpacija, a kao uzroci letalnog ishoda izdvajaju se infekcije i hematomi lože tumora posle ekstirpacije. dominantni neurološki deficit ,postoperativno, je paraliza i pareza facijalisa. AbstractThe most common tumor in the cerebellopontine angle (CPa) are vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas. The purpose of this study is to present proportional representation according to gender and age, incidence of histological type, as well as relation between tumor magnitude, clinical symptoms and prognosis. a group of 38 patients with PCa expansion were examined and treated in time interval from 2006 until 2010 at clinical-hospital center "KBC ZemunBelgrade". Gender proportion was 22 female (57,1%) and 16 male (42,9%). Middle-aged patients (from 30 to 60 years) were predominant in age proportion 20(52,6%). The most frequent tumor in the study was vestibular schwannoma (63,1%) followed by meningioma (31,6%). The rest were various histological type tumors like cholestatoma, plexus papilloma, glioma etc. (5,3%). Tumor magnitude proportion showed that the most of the scwanoma (over 95%) were grades III and IV (according to Koss classification). The leading admission symptoms were: deferent degrees of hearing loss, cerebellar disorders and trigeminal lesions. The analysis of postoperative results for 38 patients have shown: mortality rate of 13,2%, complete lesion of facial nerve(39,4%), partial lesion(33,3%) and (27,3%) without lesion of facial nerve. Lesions of lower group of cranial nerves (IX, X and XI) had 3 patients (9%) and pyramid deficit had 6(17,3%) patients.This study showed that typical PCa vestibular schwannoma is predominantly in female and elder population presented. recommended treatment is surgical (total or subtotal extirpation), followed by adjuvant therapy for elder patients. The most frequent causes of lethal outcome are infections and hematomas in tumor bed. The leading neurological deficit after tumor extirpation is total or partial lesion of facial nerve.
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