3 Fakultet za sport i turizam, Novi Sad, Srbija Korespondencija: Doc. dr Radomir Zrnić, Fakultet fi zičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Bosna i Hercegovina sportzasvebl@blic.netSažetak: Istraživanje je imalo za cilj utvrditi promjene funkcionalnih sposobnosti žena pod uticajem rekreativnog plivanja. Populacija iz koje je izvučen uzorak je populacija zdravih žena, hronološke starosti od 35 do 45 godina, kod kojih dominira sedentaran način živo-ta. Procjena funkcionalne sposobnosti je testirana sa sljedećim varijablama: vitalni kapacitet, frekvencija srca u miru, radni puls, sistolni arterijski krvni pritisak, dijastolni krvni pritisak i relativna potrošnja kiseonika. Za sve rezultate izračunati su osnovni parametri deskriptivne statistike, a za utvrđivanje razlika između inicijalnog i fi nalnog mjerenja primjenjen je t-test. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je nakon tromjeseč-ne primjene rekreativnog plivanja došlo do statistički značajnih promjena vitalnog kapaciteteta (p = 0,000), frekvencije srca u miru (p = 0,000) i relativne potroš-nje kiseonika (p = 0,000). Istraživanjem je ustanovljeno da program rekreativnog plivanja kod sedentarnih žena srednjih godina može efi kasno djelovati na promjene funkcionalnih sposobnosti. Ključne riječi: rekreacija, rekreativno plivanje, funkcionalne sposobnosti. UVODRekreativno plivanje je fi zička aktivnost koja zbog svojih karakteristika može u mnogome odgovoriti potrebama savremene žene. Kao fi zička aktivnost, plivanje može poboljšati zdravlje, fi zičku kondiciju i kvalitet ži-vota (Saavedra i sar. Abstract:The research was aimed at determining the changes in functional abilities of women under the infl uence of recreational swimming. The sampled population consisted of healthy women, aged 35 to 45, chronologically, with a dominant sedentary lifestyle. The assessment of functional ability was tested using the following variables: vital capacity, heart rate at rest, working heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and relative oxygen consumption. Basic parameters of descriptive statistics were calculated for all the results, whereas the T-test was applied to determine the difference between the initial and fi nal measurement. The results of the research showed that there were statistically signifi cant changes of vital capacity after three months of recreational swimming (p = 0.000), heart rate at rest (p = 0.000) and relative oxygen consumption (p = 0.000). The research found that the programme of recreational swimming with sedentary middle-aged women can act effectively to change functional abilities.
Proces starenja generalno posmatrano dovodi do različitih promjena motoričkihsposobnosti. Govoreći o efektima rekreativnog vežbanja, prema većini dosadašnjihistraživanja, uglavnom se navode: poboljšanje emocionalnog zdravlja, raspoloženja imotivacije, pozitivni efekti na emocionalnu i socijalnu prilagođenost, jačanje osećanja ličnevrednosti; dolazi do smanjenje agresivnosti, smanjenje generalnog zamora, pozitivni efektina formiranje stavova prema rekreativnim aktivnostima. Upravo ta motivacija za bavljenjerekreativnim aktivnostima je različita i sve je više u porastu. Cilj rada je pokušajidentifikovanja i vrednovanja nekih stavova vježbača prema rekreativnim aktivnostima pogodinama života, vremenu i učestalosti vježbanja, zdravstvenom statusu te samoj motivacijiza učešćem u aktivnostima. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 134 osobe ženskog pola.Ispitanice su se prije ispunjavanja upitnika bavile redovno različitim rekreativnimaktivnostima. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da postoji dovoljno veliika svjesnost ispitanica,u oba subuzorka, da se redovnim učešćem u rekreativnim aktivnostima kroz duži niz godina iredovnim sedmičnim treniranjem može pozitivno uticati na zdravstvene potrebe ispitanica.Zrelost kod pripadnica grupe preko 30 godina ukazuje na to da su spremnije da odvoje neštoviše vremena u toku sedmice za vježbanje što se može povezati i sa ukupnim socijalnim iporodičnim uređenjem njihovih života. Dobijeni rezultati generalno ukazuju na pozitivan stavispitanica ka učešću u rekreativnim aktivnostima uz određene razlike posmatrane pogodinama starosti. Neki od itema upitnika pokazali su potrebu za daljim istraživanjem u tompravcu, kako bismo imali što veći broj zadovoljnih učesnika rekreativnih aktivnosti i potrebudaljeg angažmana ljudi iz struke te potrebu za njihovim daljim usavršavanjem u područjumotivacije i animacije potencijalnih vježbača.
Sedentary life significantly affects the working abilities and health status of middle-aged women. On the other hand, appropriate systematic exercise can have a preventive effect on reducing symptoms and the appearance of some diseases, and thus have a positive effect on improving psychosomatic status. The research aimed to determine the subjective assessment of the psychosomatic status of women under the influence of recreational aerobics. The population from which the sample was drawn is a population of healthy women, age from 35 to 45 years, who dominantly live a sedentary lifestyle. For this study, a scale of subjective psychosomatic status assessment (SPPPS) was applied. The scale consists of 32 characteristic discomforts (disorders) which are divided into eight groups: shoulder and arm pain; back pain; leg pain; fatigue and sensorial discomfort; indigestion; cardiovascular disorders; neuropsychiatric disorders, symptoms of general fatigue. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test revealed statistically significant changes (p = 0.000) in all analyzed variables between initial and final measurements. Based on this finding, it can be concluded that recreational aerobics has a positive effect on improving the psychosomatic status of sedentary middle-aged women.
Summary Since physical activities affect the quality of life and activate a complete locomotor system, sports and physical activities can be treated as a determinant for a harmonious development of all child’s characteristics and anthropological characteristics. Because, childhood and youth are the most important formative periods, and some segments of development, for example, specific motor skills can be developed only with means used in sports, this research was conducted to find out do the fitness program (aimed at improving strength) after eight weeks had a positive effect on body composition and mobility and stability of subjects. A control group consisted of 11 female subjects and experimental group were 11 female subjects aged 16 years. The effects of the program on the fitness condition of the subjects were determined by assessing the body composition parameters (data obtained using the Body composition analyser TANITA BC-418) - the total percentage of fat tissue (FAT), the percentage of fat tissue segmentally (percentage of fat tissue of the left leg (FATll), right leg (FATrl), left arm (FATla), right arm (FATra) and body (FATb)) and estimation of mobility and stability levels - based on the application of Functional movement screening (FMS) method (seven tests) before and after the program is implemented. The success of the implemented program was confirmed because the program showed a statistically significant difference between the mobility groups of the subjects in the experimental in relation to the control group (deep squat t=3,464 p=0,006, step over a hurdle t=2,390 p=0,038, active lift of a stretched leg t=2,887 p=0,016, rotatory body stability t=3,130 p=0,011 and FMS t=5,721 p=0,000), and a positive effect on the composition of the body in terms of reduction of the percentage of fatty body has been shown segmentally.
Sažetak UVODU sportskoj rekreaciji najvažniji su oni programi kojima možemo pozitivno djelovati na unapređenje kardiovaskularnog i respirtornog sistema (Andrijašević, 2010). Da bi se smanjili rizici od nastanka kardiovaskularnih bolesti, osteoporoze, dijabetisa, hipertenzije i drugih bolesti, i da bi se obezbjedilo normalno funkcionisanje svih organa i sistema u organizmu, neophodno je redovno sprovoditi neku od fizičkih aktivnosti (Mišigoj-Duraković, 1999, Wilmore, J., Costill 1999. Među afirmisanim su gurpni aerobni programi koji svakodnevno doživljavaju transfomaciju sa različitim stilovima. Grupni aerobik programi predstavljaju oblik programiranog fizičkog vježbanja kome je cilj poboljšanje psihosomatskog statusa. ORGINALNI NAUČNI RAD
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