Using most widespread technology of rapid prototyping (RP) in medicine focus on the development of models for diagnosis, for training and planned surgery, as well as the direct manufacture of implants for bone reconstruction. The applications of 3D printing in the fi eld of medicine are giving extraordinary results and tissue and prosthetic 3D printing, medical and engineering research professionals are conducting 3D printing organ bind. Researchers worldwide are pursuing the creation of artifi cial bone using 3D printers, bones that can be later implanted to humans. In near future, many body parts could be manufactured in a turn and successfully implanted to patients. Although medical advances in 3D printing are used in orthopaedic fi eld, research in 4D printing has already started. Flat objects made with 3D printing, using a regular plastic, combined with smart material, were able to become a hub without an external intervention. In nutshell, the future of additive manufacturing (AM) in trauma and orthopedic surgery is relatively bright with the inclusion of 3D printing in medicine. Bioprinting in this area will be focused on fractures, nonunions, deformities and bone, cartilage and soft tissue reconstruction. CONCLUSION: The innovative technology not only assists the medical staff but is also benefi cial for the patients because the medical problems, which were not curable in the past, are now possible with modern technology (Fig. 4, Ref. 52).

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Few examples of technical and biomedical applications of bistable magnetic microwires are shown. Particularly, application of microwires in civil engineering are shown for sensing the mechanical stress in concrete, steel structure or steel cable by simple gluing it on the surface of studied structure. On the other hand, biomedical applications for sensing the stress, temperature, and position inside the human or animal body are shown. Experiments with pig intestine cells points to the biocompatibility of glass coated microwires.