The aim of this work was to prepare hollow fiber membrane changing the composition of polyethersulfone, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and clay, through the phase inversion technique, evaluating the influence of these constituents on the viscosity and distinct morphologies. Flat membranes were produced and their contact angles were determined and showed difference when clay was added and/or PVP. For the hollow fiber membranes, the +addition of these constituents, PVP and/or clay in the solution, can change significantly the viscosity and effect the membrane formation. From the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, it was identified the influence on morphology with the compositional variation of each additive, with the PVP promoting shorter precipitation time, favoring the formation of pores of the "fingers" type and increasing the presence of macrovoids. The addition of clay favored the formation of spherical pores, reducing the presence of macropores.

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The membrane separation process has been significantly highlighted for the treatment of water and effluents in a scenario of water resource scarcity. Effective treatments capable of reducing costs and waste are always necessary, with the planning of the experiments before their execution of interest. The purpose of this work was to evaluate, through experimental planning, the influence of the polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and clay variables on the membranes’ parameters (viscosity and contact angle), seeking the best compositions for the production of hollow fiber membranes. Membranes were produced according to the compositions proposed by the planning and were characterized by Viscosity, Contact Angle, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and flow measurements. Through XRD, it was shown that the characteristic peaks of the clay remained in the membranes with higher concentrations. SEM analysis showed the influence of clay on the membranes’ porosity as well as the relation between “fingers” formation and PVP. From the flow measurement test, the relation between the obtained flow and the polymer and clay contents was verified. These tests showed the significant influence of clay on the membranes’ performance. Thus, the use of experimental planning resulted in the development of membranes and their importance in the design of future studies, making it possible to predict and simulate experiments.

A polisulfona é um material promissor para produção de membranas. Porém, visando promover uma maior resistência à formação de incrustações e melhorias na permeabilidade, seletividade e resistência (mecânica e química) à estes tipos de membranas, a adição de nanopartícula inorgânicas como dióxido de titânio, têm sido propostos para obter propriedades desejadas e favorecer aplicações. O desenvolvimento de membranas de nanocompósito de polisulfona permitirá encontrar uma relação entre baixo custo e elevado nível de desempenho, devido à utilização de menor quantidade da carga inorgânica introduzida no material polimérico, podendo resultar na sinergia entre as propriedades individuais desses componentes, potencializando a performance desse material híbrido obtido. Portanto, este fato demonstra a importância na obtenção destas membranas para a melhoria das propriedades e, consequentemente, obter uma maior eficiência nos processos de separação por membranas (PSM) para aplicação em sistemas de microfiltração representando importante contribuição para a academia e para a sociedade, além de servir como suporte para trabalhos futuros. Não obstante, este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre membranas microporosas a partir de polisulfona com a introdução de carga inorgânica por meio da técnica de inversão de fases, visando sua aplicação no tratamento de efluentes da indústria têxtil.

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