gracias a la teoría de los juegos tenemos una mejor comprensión del comportamiento humano en la economía. Sin embargo, comoesta teoría excluye el aspecto psicológico de la conducta, una revisión del supuesto de racionalidad completa la información perdida en algunos juegos. Como consecuencia, han surgido algunos enfoques que incluyen aspectos conductuales y psicológicos en los juegos. Esto ha generado una gran cantidad de literatura distribuida en líneas de investigación aparentemente independientes, hecho que puede generar confusión. Paraaclarar si la teoría de juegos conductual y psicológica son enfoques independientes, se realizó una revisión sistemática utilizando las directricesPRISMA para identificar todos los estudios empíricos publicados bajo ambas denominaciones. Se recogieron trabajos que (1) tuvieran variablespsicológicas, (2) estuvieran revisados por pares y (3) tuvieran algún diseño experimental. De los 492 trabajos buscados, 67 se incluyeron enesta revisión sistemática. Se organizarwon y estudiaron para determinar qué tipo de variables psicológicas incluían y si realmente existen dos enfoques diferentes o no. El término más utilizado es la teoría del juego conductual, en la que se utilizan ampliamente variables como la culpa,la confianza, la motivación y la reciprocidad. La principal conclusión es que los dos enfoques son realmente el mismo y son los seguidores delos principales autores de cada corriente los que publican bajo uno u otro nombre.

<p style="text-align: justify;">Learning evaluation is a complex task, and this study illustrates the Constructive Assessment of Learning as a complementary alternative to evaluate the computational cognition schema construction. The authors designed a mental representational task under the Chronometric Constructive Cognitive Learning Evaluation Model. Control and experimental groups performed a conceptual definition task based on the Natural Semantic Network technique (NSN). They defined ten target concepts related to computational cognition theory, using verbs, nouns, and adjectives as definers. Afterward, the participants rated the conceptual quality of each definer one by one, on a scale of one to ten; the higher the rating, the greater the quality of the definer to define the target concept. The results indicate that the NSN technique was sensitive to measuring and discriminating cognitive changes in knowledge structures produced by the specific learning of computational cognition theory. In contrast, the learning of broad psychology subjects produced general cognitive changes without organization related to the specific learning of the evaluated course. Data showed more sophisticated cognitive change patterns on the evaluated schema in the experimental group than in the control group. The findings of this study suggest that cognitive assessment techniques can be helpful in the formative assessment of learning and provide clear indicators of students' knowledge management skills.</p>

Sometimes we advise others persons on the decisions they should make, and we accept risks that would be modulated by cognitive and emotional variables. In order to analyze the role of the expressed emotion in this type of interactions, it was conducted an experiment in which the type of emotion (facial expression: joy vs. sadness) and the type of advice (health vs. financial) were manipulated in order to analyze their impact on risk-taking and confidence in the response. The subjects accepted less risk when the facial expression was sadness (vs. happiness) in the financial situations. The findings are discussed as part of the reciprocity process in social interaction, where emotional information could play an important modulating role.

Migration to the city requires in-depth study of the underlying reasons. These reasons include attitudes towards urban and rural areas. To study the relationship between attitudes (implicit and explicit), feelings and beliefs regarding urban and rural areas, we conducted research to measure implicit attitudes through the Implicit Association Test, and explored explicit attitudes, feelings and beliefs through ad hoc questions. The results showed that having a university education (vs. not having one) is associated with less negative feelings towards urban areas. Those who had a favourable implicit and explicit attitude towards urban areas expressed the greatest concern about the depopulation of rural areas. We discuss the results in terms of 'attitudinal balance', which would imply a change in attitudes among the population that seeks to increase beliefs about the benefits of rural areas without undermining positive beliefs associated with urban areas.

The effective detection of those facial expressions that alert us to a possible threat is adaptive. Hence the reason that studies on face sampling have involved analysing how this process occurs, with evidence to show that the eyes focus mainly on the upper side of the face; nevertheless, no clear determination has been made of the relationship between the efficacy in detection (speed and accuracy) and the way in which emotions are visually tracked on the face. A sequential priming task was therefore held in which the four quadrants of the face were displayed consecutively, for 50 ms each one, and in a different order (24 sequences). The results reveal a quicker response when the priming sequence begins in the upper part, continues downward to the right-hand side of the face, and then follows an anti-clockwise direction. The results are discussed in the light of studies using the Eye-Tracking technique.