No abstract

Objetivo. Presentar un procedimiento de bajo costo para la cría y mantenimiento de S. frugiperda en condiciones de laboratorio para obtener material biológico óptimo para fines de investigación. Materiales y métodos. Estos procedimientos se basan en el documento del Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT) “Técnicas eficientes para la crianza masiva e infestación de insectos en la selección de plantas hospedantes para resistencia al gusano cogollero”, nuestra experiencia en la cría del gusano, y en la literatura publicada. Resultados. Se describen los procedimientos para la colecta en campo del pie de cría y las medidas de cuidado para la cría en cada fase del ciclo biológico del gusano cogollero S. frugiperda. En varios casos se ajustaron o mejoraron los métodos publicados, también se comentan varios problemas que se presentan en la cría y la manera de evitarlos; además, se incluye el procedimiento para regular la densidad de la población de la cría y las técnicas utilizadas para obtener larvas en tercer estadio, el cual normalmente se utiliza en los trabajos de investigación por ser la etapa óptima para el control de daños en los cultivos ocasionados por este insecto. Con los procedimientos presentados se puede obtener 85% de supervivencia a la etapa adulta. Conclusión. Se cumplió el objetivo.

Satureja macrostema is a Mexican medicinal plant known as nurite, it is used in decoctions and infusions for the treatment of stomach pain and liver and intestinal diseases, which present inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. In our working group, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil of aerial parts of S. macrostema obtained by hydrodistillation was determined, and the main volatile terpenes present in this oil were identified (limonene, linalool, menthone, pulegone, thymol and caryophyllene). Therefore, the objetive of the present study was to investigate the cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of the essential oil of S. macrostema and their major terpenes in bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVEC), under oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and an inflammatory state induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell viability was evaluated by the MTT reduction assay and trypan blue exclusion. BUVEC cells were incubated with the essential oil and the major terpenes (limonene, linalool, menthone, pulegone, thymol and caryophyllene) of S. macrostema at concentrations of 1, 10 100 and 1000 μg/mL; finding that pretreatment of BUVEC with essential oil of S. macrostema and the terpenes limonene, linalool, menthone, pulegone, thymol and caryophyllene showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL; with a viability greater than 85% of the epithelial bovine cells. The production of reactive species of oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) were measured by Flow cytometry in BUVEC cells incubated with H2O2 2% during 24 h after pretreatment with the essential oil and terpenes of S. macrostema (1, 10 and 100 μg/mL). Production of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ROS, nitric oxide, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in BUVEC treated with H2O2 decreased with the essential oil and the six major terpenes at the three concentrations tested. Quantification of the gene expression of TNF‐α and IL‐10 cytokine was carried out by real‐time qPCR inducing inflammation with LPS 100 ng/mL; where, BUVEC cells were pretreatment with essential oil of S. macrostema and the terpenes pulegone and thymol at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL. Expression of TNF‐α decreased up to more than 6 times with pretreatment at the three concentrations of essential oil of S. macrostema, thymol and pulegone. On the other hand, expression of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 was increased with essential oil and thymol, reaching a maximum of 14.46 and 23.76 times, respectively at 100 μg/mL. The results revealed that the essential oil of S. macrostema and its major terpenes present a cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects against oxidative stress and inflammation at concentrations that do not compromise BUVEC cells viability.Support or Funding InformationGrants: Financial support grant from CONACYT (RTM) and CIC/UMSNH (Project 2.10 RSG and 14.1 to AOZ).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Potentilla indica (Jacks.) Th. Wolf (Rosaceae) also known as mock strawberry, to which medicinal properties are attributed related to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. A methanolic extract was obtained from the mature fruits of P. indica, and methanolic and chloroformic fractions of the extract were obtained by liquid‐liquid fractionation. The chloroformic fraction (1 mg/mL) presented the highest antioxidant activity by in vitro methods, 67.90% (TAC), 67.25% (DPPH) and 44.51% (ABTS). The anti‐inflammatory activity was tested using the carrageenan‐induced paw edema model in male Wistar albino rats (400 g). Ibuprofen was used as standard drug at concentration of 25 mg/kg of body weight. The methanolic extract and chloroformic fraction (dissolved in DMSO 5%) were administered topically and orally (by 28 days) at doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg of body weight (50 μL). Control animals received an equal volume of vehicle. Edema was induced with 1% carrageenan to all the groups after four hour of treatments, and paw thickness was checked at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 h. Topical administration of the chloroformic fraction (1 mg/kg) decreased by 77.7% in paw thickness, and with oral administration decreased by 72% in paw thickness. The chloroformic fraction of methanolic extract of P. indica fruits had a high antioxidant activity and significantly decreased the inflammatory reactions induced by carrageenan. Support or Funding Information Support grant from CIC‐UMSNH (2.10 to RSG).

Avocado fruit oil (Persea americana), mainly cultivar Hass, has excellent medicinal properties as antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, these properties have not been evaluated in the seed oil of the native Mexican avocado (P. americana var. drymifolia). This study investigated the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity of native Mexican avocado seed oil and the methanolic fraction. Seed oil was obtained with hexane by the Soxhlet method, which was extracted liquid‐liquid to obtain the methanolic fraction. In vitro antioxidant was examined with three radical scavenging methods (ABTS, DPPH and TAC) at 1 mg/mL, and IC50 was determined. Although the oil seed presented high percentage of antioxidant activity in a range of 90.5 to 91.38% with in vitro methods, the highest antioxidant activity was shown by methanolic fraction (99.7%) with ABTS method, presenting an IC50 of 0.035 mg/mL. Anti‐inflammatory activity of oil seed and methanolic fraction (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg of body weight) was estimated by measuring the paw edemathickness by carrageenan‐induced paw edema model in male Wistar albino rats (400 g), and compared to Ibuprofen (25 mg/kg of body weight), with topical and oral administration (50 μL) dissolved in DMSO 5%. Control animals received an equal volume of vehicle. Edema was induced with 1% carrageenan to all the groups after four hour of treatments, and paw thickness was checked at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 h. With topical administration of 10 mg/kg, the highest anti‐inflammatory effect was observed at 8 h, decreasing by 70.8% and 72.28% in paw thickness with oil seed and methanolic fraction, respectively. This anti‐inflammatory activity was 1.8 times more than Ibuprofen effect. At 8 h, the anti‐inflammatory activity with oral administration of 10 mg/kg of oil seed and methanolic fraction (by 28 days), was similar than with topical administration of oil seed (68.6%) and less than that methanolic fraction (46.69%), although these values were higher than Ibuprofen (39.61%). It shows a direct relationship between antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of methanolic fraction from native Mexican avocado seed oil. Support or Funding Information Funding from CIC‐UMSNH (2.10 to RSG).