Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar em que medida os itens de química do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) no período 2009-2015 avaliam a alfabetização científica (AC). Ela dialoga com pesquisas anteriores por discutir a coerência interna do exame e avança por elencar um novo aspecto, a AC. O método utilizado é qualitativo. A matriz de referência e os itens de química foram tratados por análise de conteúdo, com a atribuição em categorias teóricas. Os dados revelaram divergências entre as habilidades e competências pertinentes a AC presentes na matriz de referência e nos itens de química, respectivamente, 17,4% e 86,6% (categoria Termos, conhecimentos e conceitos científicos fundamentais), 65,2% e 13,4% (categoria Ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e meio ambiente) e 17,4% e 0% (categoria natureza da ciência e dos fatores éticos e políticos). Ao final, recomenda-se que o exame avalie, de forma significativa, todas as proposições da AC presentes na matriz de referência.Palavras-chave: Alfabetização científica. Exame de química. Ensino médio. Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio. Abstract: The objective of this research is to analyse to what extent the chemistry issues of National High School Examination (ENEM) during 2009-2015 evaluate the scientific literacy (SL). It dialogueswith previous research to discuss the internal consistency of the exam and moves forward by listing a new aspect, SL. The method used is qualitative. A reference matrix and chemistry issues were treated by content analysis, with an assignment in theoretical categories. The results showed a divergence between the relevant skills and competences referring to SL and presents in a reference matrix the chemistry issues, respectively, 17.4% and 86.6% (category Terms, knowledge and fundamental scientific concepts), 65.2% and 13.4% (category Science, technology, society and environment) and 17.4% and 0% (category nature of science and ethical and political factors). In the end, it is recommended that the exam evaluate, significantly, all the SL's proposals presented in reference matrix.
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