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Introduction. The ecological and hygienic state of the environment plays a major role in promoting pediatric population health. The ambient air pollutants are regarded as the primary environmental factor leading to the immunity reducing, thus provoking the development of various diseases. Material and methods. The data on the concentration of general toxicity chemicals in the ambient air of towns and districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan with the developed oil industry, as well as data on the state of pediatric health between 2007 and 2016. To identify possible links between medico-demographic indicators and toxicant concentration in the ambient air the Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated. Results. The Republican objects of the fuel and energy complex make the largest contribution to air pollution in the areas of their location. The gross emissions of such enterprises as Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim and Bashneft-Navoil amount to 43.69-49.77 thousand tons of pollutants per year. The presence of a number of air pollutants is detected above the standards in certain periods of time. The most commonly recorded excesses are for ammonia, suspended solids, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. In some areas where oil-extracting and oil-refining enterprises are located, there are high rates of general morbidity of the pediatric population, congenital anomalies, and diseases of the respiratory organs in children of the first year of life. Correlation analysis showed a close positive relationship between carbon monoxide content and the overall incidence rates of child circulation (r = 0.957) and blood disease indicators in infants (r = 0.821). Respiratory diseases correlate with nitrogen dioxide emissions (r = 0.899). Conclusion. Further development of the oil extracting, petrochemical and oil refining industries should be carried out taking into account the socio-economic conditions of the population.

Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology” was organized on September 15, 1955. From the first days of its existence, the Institute was focused on solving hygienic problems associated with the influence of fuel and energy enterprises on the environment and public health. One of the leading departments of the Institute is the Department of medical ecology (formerly the Department of environmental hygiene). The article presents the stages of development and the results of scientific research for the 60-years period of activity on municipal hygiene, conducted by specialists of the Department of medical ecology of the Institute. Research is carried out in the following areas: the study of Toxicological properties of new chemicals and drugs with the justification of hygienic regulations in the environment; hygienic assessment of the state of the environment in the territories of oil production and refining, mining and ore processing industries, large agrochemical complexes, etc.; risk assessment for public health due to the impact of environmental factors; development of regulatory and methodological documents to ensure the sanitary and environmental well-being of the population. The article provides information about the stages of the Department, its leaders, the first scientific developments. sanitary surveys are shown to be comprehensive. The objects of research of the Department are atmospheric air, surface, and underground water sources, soil cover, agricultural products. This material reflects the main results on the levels of pollution of the environment and the existing risks to the health of the population of certain territories of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The most significant scientific works of the staff of the Department on the problem of medical ecology are listed, the main achievements, scientific priorities, and prospects for the development of hygienic research in solving environmental problems in the territories of large industrial centers are reflected.

Carried out ecological and hygienic assessment of pollution of surface and groundwater of mining areas in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Revealed exceeding standards for fishery water bodies and drinking and cultural and community water use, which indicates the potential danger of surface water for the health of the region's population. The greatest relative contribution to the overall pollution of surface water bodies are making manganese (33,0–66,6 %), iron (9,1–15,6 %), calcium (6,5–11,7 %), lead (5,8– 7,2 %). The quality of water used for drinking purposes from decentralized water sources (boreholes, wells, springs), do not always correspond to the hygienic and sanitary-epidemiological requirements. In this case, the highest priority performance of drinking water contamination are increased stiffness, high content of iron, calcium, nitrate, presence cadmium, and hexavalent chromium.

Introduction. Petrochemical and refinery enterprises generate up to 80 % of emissions from all stationary sources in Ufa. Air toxic pollution can threaten public health. The purpose of the study is to conduct hygienic impact assessment of emissions from petrochemical and refinery enterprises on cancer morbidity in Ufa. Materials and Methods. The authors examined the data on air carcinogen concentrations and indicators of general mortality, primary cancer morbidity, patient cohorts with malignant neoplasms and cancer mortality rate in Ufa between 2007 and 2017. They also calculated Pearson correlation coefficients and carcinogenic risks. Results. At some instants, benzene, gasoline, ethylbenzene and ethenylbenzene concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible concentration 5 times or more; concentrations of formaldehyde, benzo(a)pyrene and carbon (soot) were 2 times higher than the norm. In 2007–2017, the rate of newly diagnosed cancer morbidity increased by 6.0 %, the number of cancer patients – by 6.9 %. Over the last 4 years, cancer mortality rate reached its maximum during the given period, namely 200.1 per 100 000 people (mean value between 2007 and 2017 was 165.6±15.6). The authors revealed a close correlation between the patient cohort with malignant neoplasms and carbon (r=0.74) or ethylbenzene (r=0.63) emissions. The trichloromethane concentration was closely correlated with indicators of primary cancer morbidity (r=0.82) and mortality (r=0.78). The rate of carcinogenic risks due to air pollution was 9.0×10-4, i.e. unacceptably high. The rate of population aerogenic carcinogenic risks resulted in 1000 additional cases of malignant neoplasms. Conclusion. If there are no changes in the existing levels of air pollution in Ufa, further environmental aggravation associated with carcinogenic risks and reduction in life expectancy among Ufa residents can be possible. Keywords: air pollution, carcinogens, cancer morbidity and mortality, public health risks. В Уфе предприятия нефтехимии и нефтепереработки формируют до 80 % выбросов от всех стационарных источников. Загрязнение воздушного бассейна токсичными веществами может представлять опасность для здоровья населения мегаполиса. Цель исследования. Гигиеническая оценка влияния выбросов предприятий нефтехимии и нефтепереработки на онкологическую заболеваемость населения г. Уфы. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы данные о содержании в атмосферном воздухе г. Уфы химических веществ, обладающих канцерогенным действием, а также показатели общей смертности населения, первичной онкологической заболеваемости, контингента больных злокачественными новообразованиями и смертности от онкологических заболеваний за 2007–2017 гг. Рассчитаны коэффициенты корреляции Пирсона и уровни канцерогенного риска. Результаты. Содержание бензола, бензина, этилбензола и этенилбензола в отдельные периоды времени превышало предельно допустимую концентрацию в 5 и более раз; формальдегида, бенз(а)пирена и углерода (сажи) – в 2 раза. Уровень впервые выявленной онкологической заболеваемости за 2007–2017 гг. повысился на 6,0 %, уровень контингента онкобольных – на 6,9 %. Смертность от онкологических заболеваний за последние 4 года достигла максимума за весь рассматриваемый период – 200,1 на 100 тыс. населения (средний показатель за 2007–2017 гг. – 165,6±15,6). Выявлена тесная корреляционная связь между контингентом больных злокачественными новообразованиями и выбросами углерода (r=0,74), этилбензола (r=0,63). Содержание трихлорметана тесно коррелирует с показателями первичной онкологической заболеваемости (r=0,82) и смертности от онкологии (r=0,78). Уровень суммарного канцерогенного риска, обусловленного загрязнением атмосферного воздуха, составляет 9,0×10-4, что классифицируется как неприемлемый. Уровень популяционного аэрогенного канцерогенного риска составляет 1000 дополнительных (к фоновому) случаев злокачественных новообразований. Выводы. При сохранении существующих уровней загрязнения атмосферного воздуха г. Уфы возможно дальнейшее обострение экологических проблем, связанных с канцерогенными рисками, и сокращение продолжительности жизни жителей мегаполиса. Ключевые слова: загрязнение атмосферного воздуха, канцерогены, онкологическая заболеваемость и смертность, риски здоровью населения.