No abstract

Introduction. In the development and operation of ore deposits, there is a risk of adverse effects from the occurrence of endogenous mine fires (spontaneous combustion of ore), as a result of which there are emissions of significant amounts of harmful and poisonous gas-dust impurities into the atmosphere. This study was conducted in connection with the current unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological situation in the city of Sibay of the Republic of Bashkortostan, due to the decay of sulfur-containing ore of the underground mine. The purpose of the study is to assess the ecological and hygienic situation associated with air pollution by the decay products of the ore rock of the Sibai underground mine. Material and methods. The assessment of the level of air pollution in residential areas of Sibai was carried out on the basis of the analysis of monitoring data of 4 independent laboratories (more than 40000 samples from atmospheric air). Calculations and assessment of public health risk were carried out in accordance with the Guidelines 2.1.10.1920-04. Statistical processing was carried out using the software “Microsoft Excel”. Results. During the period of an intensive decay of the ore rock of the Sibay underground mine in the atmospheric air of some areas of the city, there were found concentrations of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide exceeding hygienic standards (maximum permissible concentration) by 30 or more times and 80 or more times correspondingly. The values of hazard indices in relation to the respiratory system when combined inhalation substances: hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide were ranging from 0,3 (acceptable risk) to 18,4 (high risk). Sulfur dioxide (the hazard ratio to 14.0) and hydrogen sulfide (the hazard ratio to 6.6) made the greatest contribution to the formation of a health risk. Conclusion. There is a high tendency to spontaneous combustion - the emergence of endogenous fires for copper-pyrite deposits represented by pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite. The decay of the ore rock of the Sibay underground mine resulted in air pollution of residential areas with hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, which contributed to the formation of an increased non-carcinogenic risk to public health.

Introduction. The ecological and hygienic state of the environment plays a major role in promoting pediatric population health. The ambient air pollutants are regarded as the primary environmental factor leading to the immunity reducing, thus provoking the development of various diseases. Material and methods. The data on the concentration of general toxicity chemicals in the ambient air of towns and districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan with the developed oil industry, as well as data on the state of pediatric health between 2007 and 2016. To identify possible links between medico-demographic indicators and toxicant concentration in the ambient air the Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated. Results. The Republican objects of the fuel and energy complex make the largest contribution to air pollution in the areas of their location. The gross emissions of such enterprises as Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim and Bashneft-Navoil amount to 43.69-49.77 thousand tons of pollutants per year. The presence of a number of air pollutants is detected above the standards in certain periods of time. The most commonly recorded excesses are for ammonia, suspended solids, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. In some areas where oil-extracting and oil-refining enterprises are located, there are high rates of general morbidity of the pediatric population, congenital anomalies, and diseases of the respiratory organs in children of the first year of life. Correlation analysis showed a close positive relationship between carbon monoxide content and the overall incidence rates of child circulation (r = 0.957) and blood disease indicators in infants (r = 0.821). Respiratory diseases correlate with nitrogen dioxide emissions (r = 0.899). Conclusion. Further development of the oil extracting, petrochemical and oil refining industries should be carried out taking into account the socio-economic conditions of the population.

Introduction. High density of oil-producing and refining facilities in certain areas of Bashkortostan significantly affects the environment including ambient air quality in residential areas. Materials and methods. We analyzed concentrations of airborne toxicants (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, nitrogen and carbon oxides, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, xylenes, toluene, phenol and total suspended particles) and population health status in the cities of Ufa, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Blagoveshchensk, and the Tuymazinsky District in 2007–2016. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were used to establish possible relationships between medico-demographic indicators and air pollution. Results. Republican fuel and energy enterprises contributed the most to local air pollution levels. Gross emissions from such enterprises as Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim and Bashneft-Navoil reached 43.69–49.77 thousand tons of pollutants per year. The levels of some air pollutants exceeded their maximum permissible concentrations. Elevated concentrations of ammonia, total suspended particles, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide were registered most frequently. High rates of congenital abnormalities, respiratory diseases in infants (aged 0-1), general mortality and morbidity of the population were observed in some oil-producing and refining areas. The correlation analysis proved the relationship between the concentration of carbon monoxide and general disease rates in adults based on hospital admissions (r = 0.898), general incidence rates in children (r = 0.957), and blood disease rates in infants (r = 0.821). Respiratory diseases in children correlated with nitrogen dioxide emission levels (r = 0.899). Conclusions. Further development of oil-producing, petrochemical and oil-refining industries should be carried out taking into account socio-economic living conditions of the population.

. Morbidity of the population living in regions with the developed mining industry, is raised on the number of classes of illnesses and separate nosologies (illnesses of cardiocirculatory system, urinogenital system, organs of digestion, etc.). The purpose of this research was carrying out of an estimation of quality of sources of drinking water supply and definition of an existing risk level to health of the population of mining territories with the subsequent development of hygienic recommendations and actions on optimization of conditions of water use. Hygienic researches are lead in settlements of mining territories of Republic Bashkortostan. Thirty settlements with the population of more than 200 thousand people were included into this research. The special attention was given to non-centralized sources of water supply (chinks, wells, springs) of mining territories used by inhabitants for the domestic and drinking purposes. It is established, that the qualitative structure of drinking water of investigated territories is characterized by the raised rigidity, the high concentration of iron