No abstract

In the brain, there are hundreds of types of specialized neurons and to generate one type of them we need to have neural progenitors for differentiation to specific neuron type. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are easily isolated, cultured, manipulated ex vivo, showing great potential for therapeutic applications. The adult MSCs have the potential to produce progeny that differentiate into a variety of cell types such as neurons. This fact suggests that MSCs derived neurons are an important cell type and a deep understanding of the molecular characteristics of it would significantly enhance the advancement of cell therapy for neurological disorders. Therefore, in this study, we isolated, identified, and studied neural progenitors by measuring expression levels through neurogenesis pathway of three neural differentiation markers nestin (NES), neurofilament (NF-L), and microtubule association protein (MAP-2) from mouse bone marrow MSCs (mouse bmMSCs) by using butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and diethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as neural inducers agents. The results of immunocytochemistry and Real Time-PCR showed that in contrast to MSCs, neural differentiated cells showed neural progenitor pattern by showing stable increase in NES gene expression through differentiation process with increasing the protein expression through different exposures times, while NF-L gene and protein expression start to increased after 48 h but not replaced the NES expression completely even when its expression passed NES levels. The maturation marker Map-2 expression was low during the duration of differentiation period in protein and gene expression, which prove that these cells are still progenitors and can be redirected into specific type of neurons by further treatments. * Corresponding authors. M. Mohammad et al.2

A method of testing the cytotoxicity by in vitro exposing different cells to vitamin C, intracellular metabolizing and then detecting cell damage in these cells as an indication of the cytotoxicity. From this data there was a great variation between the two cell lines, in which vitamin C effect on vero cell line was much better than Hep-2 cell line, this was due to the type of the cell, in which Hep-2 cell are encompassed of squamous cells and the vero cell line are encompassed of the Monkey kidney cells, which means different respond to cancer and transformed cell to vitamin C.

Motor neuron cell is responsible for transfer neural instruct from brain to peripheral muscle through spinal cord; therefore any defect in these cells or spinal cord will affect motion. This study was designed to induce differentiation of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) into neuron cells. BM-MSCs were isolated from bone stroma of femur and tibia of albino male mice and tested immunocytochemically for CD44, CD90, and CD105 expression and showed positive staining, while showed negative staining for CD34. Differentiation of BM-MSCs to motor neuron involved two main steps. Firs; induction of BM-MSCs by addition of 1mM mercaptoethanol (BME) in fetal bovine serum (FBS) in minimum essential medium MEM for 24 h and 2mM BME in free serum media for 2h. In the second step of induction retinoic acid, sonic hedgehog and nerve growth factor were added in free serum MEM for 4 days. Results revealed that the differentiation medium used was very efficient in directing the BM-MSCs to motor neural cell and showed positive reactivity to specific motor neural markers that used for detection of motor neuron cells like microtubule associated protein-2 antibodies and acetylcholine transferase antibody.

Studying Phytic acid cytotoxic effect on cancer cell line showed that it is a concentration dependant effect on cancer cell line in compare with control, alsohave effect on the production of p53 protein using protein detection method using Eliza.The concentration of p3 protein is decreased in Vero with no significant effect (34 pg/ml ± SD 4) compare with control (64pg/ml ±SD 4) p > 0.05.Radomyosarcoma cell line (232 pg/ml± SD 32) shows a significant increase in compare with control (686 pg/ml ± SD 86) p> 0.05. The production of p53 increase in Glioblastoma- Multiforme cell (118 pg/ml ± SD 18) in compare with control (38 pg/ml ± SD 8), while the p53 quantity was not affected in the Ahmed Mohamed Nahi 3 (40 pg/ml± SD 10) compare with control (44 pg/ml ± SD 4) p>0.05.which show a different inhibition mechanisms of action on cancer cell line.