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Aim: To compare the effectiveness of cervical retraction exercises (McKenzie) with or without using pressure biofeedback in reducing pain and disability among patients with cervical spondylosis. Methods: Thirty participants of both genders and aged between 30 and 70 years who were medically diagnosed with cervical spondylosis were included and allocated by randomised sampling into two study groups. Group A were given cervical retraction exercises and Group B were given cervical retraction exercises and instructed to use a pressure biofeedback unit during these exercises. All of the participants in Group A and B were also given moist packs. The outcome measures used both pre- and post-intervention were: the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), which was used to assess for pain, and the Northwick Park Pain Questionnaire (NPQ), which was used to assess for disability. The demographic data collected in the study were the age and symptom duration. Results: The t tests of the post-interventional NPRS scores (P=0.0001*; t=4.5683), and post-intervention NPQ scores (P=0.0001*; t=4.945) showed a statistically significant difference between Group A and Group B. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicates that there was a significant reduction in neck pain and disability in both the groups. However, cervical retraction exercises using pressure biofeedback proved to be better than cervical retraction exercises alone.

Background: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease, occurring primarily in older person, characterized erosion of articular cartilage, hypertrophy of the bone at the margins. Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder among adults 45 to 80 years of age or older, symptomatic disease occurs in approximately 12.1% population. Method: A total number of 40 participants of age between 60 to 80 years were divided into 2 groups as group A and group B, in which each group consist of 20 participants. The group A received single leg mini-squat exercise with hot pack and IFT and group B received straight leg raise exercise with hot pack and IFT for 15 days (20 times twice daily).the number of exercises was increased by five every two days so that by end of the program (15 day), the participants was performed 55 single leg MSE twice a day of group A and 55 SLRE twice a day of group B. Result: The participants in the two groups showed improvement after the treatment but there was significantly more decrease in pain, increase muscle strength and physical function among participants in single leg mini squat exercise group when compared to SLRE.

Introduction: Muscular fatigue causes impaired joint proprioception and postural control which can affect performance. Fatigue affects the capacity of the muscle to generate force which ultimately leads to injuries and diminish performance. The effect of fatigue on static and dynamic balance in volleyball players was inadequately known. Aim: To assess the effects of induced muscular fatigue on static and dynamic balance and core strength in volleyball players. Methodology:  Twenty male volleyball players were included in the study according to inclusion criteria. Dynamic balance by functional reach test, static balance by single leg stance and strength of core were evaluated before and after inducing the fatigue.  Fatigue was induced by asking the participant to perform the squats till RPE of 10. Results: On data analysis using paired t test, a marked decrease in the single leg stance time mean from 26.63 seconds before fatigue to 22.55 seconds after inducing fatigue (p<0.05) was observed. A reduction in the functional reach distance covered by subjects from 31.8cms before fatigue to 29.33cms after inducing fatigue (p<0.05) was observed. A decrease in the core muscle strength from 42.25 mm Hg before fatigue to 41.85 mmHg after fatigue (p<0.05) was observed.

Background and purpose The effects of various exercise training programs on balance in older adults are well established. This study aimed to compare the effect of functional-task training with resistance training in improving balance performance in older adults. Methods A total of 100 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above were randomly allocated into two groups: functional-task training (FTT) group and resistance training (RT) group. The FTT group (n = 50) performed functional task exercises and the RT group (n = 50) performed resistance exercises three times a week for 12 weeks. Balance was evaluated before and after the trial using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Results A total of 87 subjects who completed the study were analyzed. Both the groups showed a significant change in BBS and TUG test (p < 0.05) from baseline to 12 weeks. However, post-intervention analysis between the groups showed a significant difference in both the BBS and TUG test (p < 0.05), i.e. improvement in the FTT group was better than the RE group at the end of training. Conclusion Both the FTT and RT were effective in improving balance. However, the improvement achieved by the FTT group was better than the RT group.