Photoluminescent perovskite nanocrystals are mostly used along with base materials such as polymers for material processing and large-scale production purpose. However, the role of polymer in crystal structure engineering and thereby dictating the emission properties of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals is poorly understood. First, we have developed a polymer-directed antisolvent method for synthesis of halide perovskite crystals at room temperature. The thermodynamic stabilities of crystals drive the formation of perovskite composite crystal of orthorhombic Cs4PbBr6 and monoclinic CsPbBr3. Surprisingly, hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) can reduce the size of perovskite crystals to nano dimensions even at room temperature. On the other hand, perovskite nanocrystals, CsPbBr3 synthesized by modified hot-injection method undergo rapid encapsulation in PVDF matrices. The size of the encapsulated nanocrystal in PVDF matrices ranges in 88 ± 32 nm. Three types of radiative recombination are predominantly operative in nanocrystals-doped polymer- surface defect caused radiative recombination (0.6 – 3 ns), exciton recombination (3 – 15 ns), and shallow trap assisted recombination (10 – 50 ns). The interface created at nanocrystal and polymer plays a decisive role in populating the shallow trap states in perovskite-polymer nanocomposite. These nanocrystals have been shown to undergo fast halide exchange in aqueous hydroiodic acid solution and possess remarkable enhancement of water-/photo-stability. This research would pave way for their greater use in hydrogen production and light-emitting devices.

In the present communication the authors describe the diversity of freshwater fishes in the Bundelkhand region of India. On the basis of available research there are 93 species of fishes reported in Bundelkhand. These fishes comprised of 6 orders and 18 families. Out of six orders Cypriniformes (55%) is the most abundant order in this region followed by Siluriformes (24%), Persiformes (15%), Synbranchiformes (3%), Osteoglossiformes (2%) and Beloniformes (1%). Out of eighteen families the Cyprinidae is the most prevalent among all families. The Result showed 66 fish species found in district Damoh followed by 50 species in Panna, 27 species in Lalitpur, 27 species in Chhatarpur, 21 species in Sagar and 19 species of fishes in Jhansi.