Kota Malang sebagai kota terbesar kedua Jawa Timur, memiliki sejarah panjang, sejak jaman prasejarah. Kota Malang memiliki banyak artefak peninggalan masa lampau yang masih dapat ditemukan, yang memperlihatkan bagaimana penggunaan gerabah sejak masa lampau. Industri gerabah di Kota Malang sendiri masih ada dan tersebar di beberapa desa. Namun sayangnya saat ini gerabah Malang kurang dikenal oleh masyarakat luas. Gerabah Malang masih kalah populer dengan Gerabah Kasongan (Jawa Tengah) dan Plered (Jawa Barat). Penelitian melalui metode observasi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa banyak industri gerabah yang ada di Malang dan sejauh mana Industri gerabah tersebut memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dan bagaimana perannya bagi Kota Malang. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan sentra-sentra kerajinan Gerabah di Kota Malang dan produk yang dihasilkannya.

Educational expert is teachers. Teachers need the skills to implement their work optimally. The skills have several standards, one of them is the competence of practice. The competence of practice is how the teacher implements the learning process effectively. Effective learning will occur if the learning method used in suitable with the needs of students. Students need a teacher who can facilitate learning. Learning can be done in various ways, namely by using habits, reinforcement, even from within yourself by using a mind that can construct new knowledge by beginning with existing knowledge with new experiences and then generate conclusions that make it a new knowledge. The process of constructing new knowledge is known as the theory of constructivism learning. This process will not work properly teachers do not have competence of practice. Basically in this competence has a standard of appearance through the practice and social competence of a teacher.

The objective of this research was to know the most types of error and the most error of personal pronouns in descriptive text due to the eleventh-grade students in their descriptive paragraph writing. This research conducted qualitative research. This research was conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Cimahi in Academic Year 2018/2019. To get the data, the researchers gave an instruction for the students to make a descriptive text about person, conduct the students' writing result, read the students' writing result, identified the type of students' writing error from their text, classified the type of personal pronouns error from students' writing, and identified the high students, middle students and lower students. The sample of this research is nine students of eleventh grade from PFPT A Class (Broadcast). The result showed that there are four types of errors, they are: omission, addition, misordering, and disordering. In students' writing had been found many errors that focused on personal pronoun is 8 or 32% of omission error, 0 or 0% of addition error, 17 or 68% of mis-formation error, and 0 or 0% of disordering error. So, the highest percentage of types of error is a mis-formation error that is 17 or 68%. The most error of personal pronouns in descriptive text due by the students is when they used a subject pronoun.

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p>                This study aims to find out the effectiveness of Group Investigation method in improving students’ reading ability. This quasi-experimental research design was involved 64 students of SMAN 24 Bandung as the participants. This study used a type of data collection technique including pre test and post test. The conceptual framework for the study included the independent variable of teaching method, and dependent variable of students’ ability in reading. The experimental study was conducted within this framework by using non parametric test. The results of data analysis show that Group Investigation could facilitate the students in improving their reading ability. It can be seen from the result of mean rank and Mann-Whitney U. Furthermore, the results of the pre test and post test indicate that students’ reading ability improved in four indicators, encompassing identifying the explicit information, identifying the main idea of the text, identifying the purpose of the text, and identifying the implicit information of the text. Meanwhile, the results of test in control group indicate that the students’ reading ability improved in two indicators, encompassing identifying the purpose of the text and identifying the synonym of the words. Due to the limitations of the study, it is recommended for other researchers to introduce Group Investigation gradually into the classroom and practice it before the class undertakes a full-scale investigation project and to observe the students’ social interaction skill in the classroom. It is also recommended for every teacher who wants to use this method to fully competent at implementing this method. Despite the need for the further research, this method can be used as a method in teaching reading to EFL learners.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong><em> reading ability, Group Investigation. </em></p>

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai penetapan tarif pajak efektif pada perusahaan Consumer Goods di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2020. Dalam penelitian ini variabel dependennya adalah tarif pajak efektif, sedangkan variabel independen yang digunakan adalah leverage, nilai perusahaan, dan profitabilitas. Leverage diukur dengan Debt to Equity Ratio, nilai perusahaan diukur dengan Price to Book Value, dan profitabilitas diukur dengan Return on Assets, dan tarif pajak efektif diukur dengan Tarif Pajak Efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 57 perusahaan Consumer Goods yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2020. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan menggunakan kriteria tertentu yang telah ditetapkan oleh peneliti. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 25 perusahaan. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi data panel dengan menggunakan Eviews 9. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa leverage, nilai perusahaan, dan profitabilitas berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap tarif pajak efektif. Hasil secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap tarif pajak efektif, nilai perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap tarif pajak efektif dengan nilai signifikansi -0.772283, sedangkan profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif terhadap tarif pajak efektif dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar -0,230612