The development of identity theories in psychology tends to be partial and incoherent, and are followed by various problems. This study uses meta-ethnography to deconstruct theories of self-identity in order to find common threads and relation between theories, including main theories on identity (Erikson’s; Marcia’s), and other related theories (Berzonsky’s, Grotevant’s, Waterman’s, McAdams’s), This study uses Hofstede's (2001) view on identity theories, and formulates a fundamental and comprehensive conceptualization of identity theory. This study formulates a model of the layers of identity which includes the identity of (1) human nature, (2) personal, and (3) social. This study also explains the dynamics of the self as ‘I’ and ‘Me’ in the formation of identity. This study discusses human nature in the discourse of identity and this provides further implications in the field of developmental psychology and educational psychology.

Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh survivor COVID-19 tidak hanya bersumber dari faktor fisik, namun juga faktor sosial. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman psikologis dan strategi coping pada survivor COVID-19 yang mengalami stigma. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode fenomenologi dengan satu orang partisipan. Hasil penelitian memunculkan tiga tema utama, yaitu: (1) tantangan sebagai survivor COVID-19, (2) stigma terhadap survivor COVID-19, dan (3) strategi coping survivor COVID-19. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi strategi coping yang adaptif dan kebijakan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi psikologis pasien.