Credit is the ability to carry out a purchase or make a loan with a promise that payment will be deferred at an agreed time period. One financial institution that can provide credit is the bank, when providing credit the bank not only uses its own capital but also uses the customer's funds that have been entrusted to the bank. When providing credit, the bank cannot avoid the risk of non-performing loans, related to this, the bank applies the precautionary principle that is realized by the existence of the 5C principle, one of which is character. The application of the character principle aims to assess the character or character of the prospective debtor, whether the prospective debtor has a good character or is not good. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors driving and inhibiting the implementation of character principles in the analysis of micro business credit as a form of implementing prudential principles at Bank Mandiri Jember Branch. The type of research used by the author is Empirical Juridical. Then the method used is a qualitative approach method. The results of this research are the driving factors consisting of several factors, among others, in order to make credit activities run safely, minimize losses, ensure the smooth delivery of credit facilities, and build cooperation and trust between banks and customers for a long period of time. Related to the inhibiting factors consist of non-cooperative customers, bad faith in bank management, human resources, and proximity.
Dalam perkembangan ekonomi pada saat sekarang ini sudah mulai meninggalkan cara-cara yang konvensional kita mulai menginjak pada transaksi elektronik dan mulai sering digunakan pada saat sekarang ini, kadangkala terjadi pelanggran dalam kontrak perjanjian antar pihak dalam transaksi tersebut, perlindungan hukum terhadap para pihak masihlah kurang, oleh karena itu perlu kiranya ada perlindungan hukum yang jelas.
Many people assume that mudharabah savings in Islamic banks are the same as deposits in conventional banks. In contrast, mudharabah savings have their characteristics, one of which is adopting a revenue-sharing system in managing customer deposit funds. In this study, researchers used a normative method with a statutory approach and conceptual approach. The results of this study are the discovery of mudharabah contract characteristics in depositing customer funds in Islamic banks which can be seen from 6 things, namely investment deposits, legal subjects or parties, profit sharing, business risk distribution, guarantees, and fund withdrawals by the Customer. Keywords: Mudharabah Agreement; Depositing Customer Funds; Islamic
Zakat payments are increasingly developing in the current digital era, the Shackwell Lane Mosque in Hackney, London, England accepts zakat payments in other forms other than cash which is of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. Related to the halal controversy and the prohibition of the use of bitcoin digital currency in Islamic law, Zayd al-Khair as a religious adviser at the mosque said, if Islamic scholars have argued and supported the use of cryptocurrencies. The purpose of this study is to find out and understand the use of bitcoin as a purpose of payment of zakat that is legal and accordance with Islamic law or not, in the sense that nothing deviates from the principles of Islamic law. The research method used is normative juridical. Bitcoin can be said to be haram because it contains the element of gharar and cannot be used as zakat payment. This is reinforced by the MUI fatwa No. 13 of 2011 about the law of zakat on haram assets which emphasizes that haram assets cannot be the compulsory object of zakat. AbstrakPembayaran zakat semakin berkembang di era digital saat ini, Masjid Shackwell Lane di Hackney, London, Inggris menerima pembayaran zakat dalam bentuk lain di luar uang tunai yaitu berupa mata uang kripto seperti Bitcoin. Terkait dengan kontroversi halal dan haramnya penggunaan mata uang digital bitcoin dalam hukum Islam, Zayd al-Khair sebagai penasihat agama di masjid mengatakan, jika para cendekiawan Islam telah berdebat dan mendukung penggunaan mata uang kripto. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dan memahami penggunaan bitcoin sebagai alat pembayaran zakat yang sah dan sesuai dengan hukum Islam atau tidak, dalam arti tidak ada hal-hal yang menyimpang dari prinsip hukum Islam itu sendiri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu tipe penelitian yuridis normatif. Bitcoin dapat dikatakan haram karena mengandung unsur gharar dan tidak dapat digunakan sebagai pembayaran zakat. Ini diperkuat dengan Fatwa MUI No 13 Tahun 2011 tentang Hukum Zakat atas Harta Haram yang menegaskan bahwa harta haram tidak bisa menjadi objek wajib zakat.
Coronavirus Disease-19 atau yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah COVID-19 merupakan virus yang muncul pada akhir tahun 2019. Virus tersebut mempengaruhi hampir seluruh sektor kehidupan manusia di berbagai negara pada tahun 2020. Penyebarannya yang sangat cepat dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi sebuah negara. Beberapa sektor akan terkena dampak dari adanya virus ini seperti sektor ekonomi, pariwisata, dan budaya. Indonesia juga dipastikan terkena dampaknya. Salah satu sektor yang dipastikan adalah sektor perekonomian, yang merujuk pada ekonomi syariah yang dalam hal jual beli akad as-salam (pre order). Dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari penyebaran Coronavirus Disease-19 ini ialah adanya keterlambatan pengiriman barang. Terlebih setelah pemerintah memutuskan untuk mengeluarkan himbauan terkait physical distancing dan WFH atau Work From Home, masyarakat semakin giat melakukan kegiatan jual beli secara online. Hal tersebut dilakukan karena masyarakat merasa perlu untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya sehari-hari dengan demikian hal tersebut dapat menguntungkan beberapa pihak. Tetapi, perlu pula memperhatikan kepastian terhadap melakukan jual beli online secara pre order agar tidak menimbulkan perselisihan yang beresiko terjadinya penipuan.
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