Background: Ovarian tumor is the seventh most common cause of cancer related deaths in female. The aim of this study is to find the, morphological and clinicopathological correlation, gross, histological pattern, and incidence of age distribution of ovarian tumors. Materials and Methods:This retrospective and prospective study was carried out from January 2011 to December 2015. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Special stains and immunohistochemistry were carried out whenever needed.Results: Out of total 158 cases, 62.65% were benign, 3.79% were borderline, and 33.55% were malignant. Histologically, surface epithelial tumors were the most common (74.06%) followed by germ cell tumours(15.82%) and sex cord-stromal tumors (10.12%).Benign tumors were mostly seen in age group of 20-40 years, borderline 21-40 years, and malignant 50-80 years. Conclusion:Tumors originating from surface epithelium are the most common and their malignant counterparts are more frequent in the elderly age group.

Background: Meningiomas are generally slow-growing, benign, and non-infiltrating in nature. They are usually easy to diagnose cytologically if they are of the meningothelial type; however, they may cause diagnostic challenges when they manifest as unusual morphological variants, like the microcystic type. Because of the rarity of microcystic meningioma (MM), information on its cytological features is rarely available in the literature. Objectives: The goal of this study is to review the cytological features of MM in crush preparations prepared at the time of intra-op consultation and to identify the more common features which are helpful in rendering a correct diagnosis. Material and Methods: Cytological features of five cases of MM were reviewed and noted from the records. Results: There were five patients of MM with a male: female ratio of 1.5:1 and a mean age of 52 years. All tumors were supratentorial and dura-based. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed low signal intensity on T1 and high signal intensity on T2 weighted images in four cases. Cytosmears were moderate-to-highly cellular. There were variable-sized cystic spaces within the meningothelial cell clusters. In four cases, nuclear pleomorphism was frequently observed. Nuclear pseudoinclusions, atypical mitoses, vascular proliferation, and necrosis were absent in all cases. Whorling and psammoma bodies were seen in only one case. Conclusion: Cytological features identified would be helpful in the diagnosis of microcystic meningiomas, especially in unusual radiological findings. Their unusual cytological features might lead to problems in differential diagnosis from other intracranial tumors, including glioblastoma, metastatic tumor, etc.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world since its emergence and has wreaked havoc globally. As hospitals around the world are being overwhelmed due  to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is of utmost urgency to identify biomarkers which would accurately predict patient outcome at an early stage. Many studies suggested that numerous markers of inflammation like CRP, ESR, LDH, D-Dimer, Serum Ferritin and Interleukin -6 were found to be significantly elevated in patients with severe disease relative to patients with milder conditions. Amongst which IL-6 appears to be the most important driver of immune dysregulation and ARDS in Covid-19.  According to known evidence, IL-6 is superior to CRP and other markers of inflammation in predicting respiratory failure in Covid-19 (1, 2]. Method: All patients had a positive covid-19 Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test results.  Patients with the history of comorbidities such as Hypertension (HTN), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Asthama, Heart failure, Chronic renal Failure (CRF) were included. The clinical and laboratory findings including Haemoglobin, WBC counts, Differential Counts, Liver Function Tests, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Ferritin and Interleukin -6 (IL-6) were obtained from the database. Results: A total of 50 patients were included in the study. The median age of study population was found to be 52.5 years. It was observed that there were significantly increased serum IL-6 levels as the age increased. The serum levels of both IL-6 and CRP were markedly increased in morbid patients. Higher plasma IL-6 levels translated to more severity (determined by of days of hospital stay, mechanical ventilation and mortality). Conclusion: This study proves that serum IL-6 level is an accurate and a reliable indicator in predicting the prognosis of the patients in terms of longer hospital stay ,greater need of mechanical ventilation, and/ or increased  mortality. Keywords: IL-6& Covid-Biomarkers.

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