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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of corn bran (CB) with Monascus purpureus. Design/methodology/approach The SSF was realized with CB ranged in process: time (4, 8, 12 and 16 days), inoculum ratio (105, 106 and 107 spores for mL) and temperature (16, 24 and 32 °C). Color of the CB and fermented CB (FCB) was evaluated by spectrophotometer, and this result was used to choose one treatment. The proximal composition (moisture, lipid, ash and protein content), pH value, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and functional properties of CB and FCB were analyzed. The carbohydrate content and caloric value were calculated for CB and FCB. Findings The color results showed that during asexual reproduction, there was inhibition of the pigment production by M. purpureus. There was an increase in the amount of lipids and a decrease in carbohydrates in SSF, thus elucidating the primary metabolism of M. purpureus. CB and FCB showed no statistical difference in either the emulsifying activity or water solubility. Originality/value SSF is an alternative for the use of unvalued agroindustrial waste, and by utilizing this process with CB, a new ingredient with red color can be produced with important nutritional value.

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Soymilk has received a lot of attention due to its nutritional value, especially its high protein and isoflavone contents. The objective of this study was to develop a beverage fermented with kefir biomass from soymilk supplemented with 3.5 or 7.0% of Acromia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. powder-pulp (also known as the bocaiúva or macaúba) (BO3.5 or BO7.0, respectively), 3.5% of inulin (IN3.5), or 3.5% of each ingredient (BO + IN). The beverage was produced from soymilk (9 °Brix) by fermentation with kefir (4 g:100 mL) for 12 h at 25 °C. The characteristics of the beverages (pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, color, syneresis, sedimentation, and the microbiological counts of Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, and yeasts) were evaluated during 16 days of storage (0, 6, 11, and 16 days) at 7 °C. The addition of bocaiúva powder-pulp and/or inulin did not change the pH value of the beverage, which remained the same at a safe level throughout storage (pH < 4.5); it increased the soluble solids, especially when compared to supplementation of the studied ingredients (BO3.5, BO7.0, and IN3.5); and decreased syneresis when increasing the supplementation (CONT to other treatments), regardless of treatment. Kefir-fermented soymilk was classified as hypotonic (<270 mOsmol/kg) before supplementation and isotonic (270–330 mOsmol/kg) after supplementation with inulin and/or bocaiúva powder-pulp (or both). Evaluation of the microbial populations in the fermented beverages showed that this substrate could maintain viability above 107 CFU/mL throughout the storage period. The supplementation improved the technological characteristics of kefir-fermented soymilk without altering the viability of the beneficial microorganisms present in kefir.

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