We propose a paradigm shift in the understanding of knowledge management. This puts knowledge management in the broader context of communication. Knowledge management is

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The C(K)onstance Hypertext System (KHS) is an elaborated example of an open hypertext System. Open hypertext Systems combine heterogeneous resources and different hypertext applications such as e-mail, text and image hypertexts with access to online databases or other information resources. These hypertexts, to which heterogeneous users have access, grow steadily in size. This paper takes an object-oriented approach and proposes a rigorous typing of hypertext objects to overcome the problems of open hypertext. The advantage of this typing is shown on an e-mail hypertext as a special application of the KHS system. KHS is written in Smalltalk and is being developed on UNIX-machines. (1) are used (simultaneously) by heterogeneous users (for example, members in a research unit) with different read/write permissions and private spaces; l. Open hypertext -a major issue for hypertext research(2) grow steadily with respect to both size and inter-connectability; (4) allow access to, and the integration of, external information resources such as e-mail, online data-banks, text and image processing, or any such applications available on the host operating system; (5) make possible different user-specific views of the global hypertext base.The opening of hypertext to an arbitrary number of users, to many different applications and to the use of external information sources such as online retrieval systems, is of major impact on the use and administration of hypertext. The problems which will arise can be characterised as the following:(1) the quantity and diversity of information may intensify the disorientation problems already known from conventional hypertexts;(2) one standardised interaction strategy for browsing and exploration may not be sufficient for all applications which are to be supported by the hypertext;1 This paper has been

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