Inferior vena cava leiomyosarcomas are rare tumors that account for less than 0.7% of all retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas. They are more common in women and cause nonspecific chronic abdominal pain. In this report, we present the case of a 53-year-old female patient complaining of chronic nonspecific periumbilical abdominal pain with initial onset 8 months previously who was diagnosed with inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma by computed tomography angiography. The patient was treated with complete resection of the tumor and reconstruction of the inferior vena cava with interposition of a Dacron prosthetic graft. The treatment considered the gold standard consists of complete surgical excision, because these tumors are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The prognosis of these patients is closely related to early diagnosis. Therefore, it is very important that vascular and general surgeons know that this disease is a possible differential diagnosis of chronic abdominal pains.
Resumo Contexto Na pandemia de covid-19, os serviços de saúde diminuíram os atendimentos e procedimentos eletivos. Pacientes de cirurgia vascular são grupo de risco para adquirir formas graves da infecção, ao mesmo tempo que são suscetíveis a apresentar complicações de suas doenças de base caso não tenham acompanhamento rotineiro. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário entender os impactos e as consequências diretas e indiretas da pandemia com relação aos pacientes vasculares. Objetivos Avaliar o impacto de 1 ano de pandemia em um serviço de Cirurgia Vascular, assim como a mudança do perfil de cirurgias no mesmo período. Métodos Foi feita a análise de prontuários de pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas e de urgência entre 2019 e 2021. Em conjunto, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura com as palavras-chave “cirurgia vascular”, “covid-19” e “amputações”. Os dados foram analisados com o programa computacional Stata/SE v.14.1 (StataCorpLP, EUA). Resultados Foram identificadas 1.043 cirurgias no período de estudo, sendo 51,6% pré-pandemia e 48,4% durante a pandemia. Observou-se redução no número de cirurgias eletivas e aumento no número de amputações de membros inferiores e desbridamentos cirúrgicos. Foi possível observar também aumento de pacientes com doença arterial obstrutiva periférica com classificação de Rutherford avançada, assim como de casos de pé diabético. Conclusões A diminuição dos atendimentos eletivos e o receio dos pacientes em procurar os serviços de saúde durante o período da pandemia são os prováveis motivos que justificam o aumento da gravidade dos quadros dos pacientes, com maior necessidade de amputação de membros inferiores, desbridamento cirúrgico e mudanças no perfil de cirurgia do serviço.
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare services reduced the number of elective procedures performed. Vascular surgery patients are a group at risk of contracting severe forms of the infection, but are also susceptible to complications of their underlying diseases if they do not receive routine care. It is therefore necessary to understand the direct and indirect impacts and consequences of the pandemic on vascular patients. Objectives To assess the impact of 1 year of the pandemic on a vascular surgery service and changes to the profile of surgeries during the same period. Methods An analysis was conducted of the medical records of patients who underwent elective and emergency surgery from 2019 to 2021. A review of the literature was also conducted, using the search terms “vascular surgery”, “COVID-19”, and “amputations”. Data were analyzed with Stata/SE v.14.1 (StataCorpLP, United States). Results A total of 1,043 surgeries were identified during the study period, 51.6% conducted pre-pandemic and 48.4% performed during the pandemic. There was a reduction in the number of elective surgeries and an increase in the number of lower limb amputations and surgical debridements. Increases were also observed in the proportion of patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease with advanced Rutherford classifications and in the number of cases of diabetic foot. Conclusions The reduction in elective care and patients’ reluctance to seek health services during the pandemic are the probable causes of increased severity of patient status, with greater need for lower limb amputation and surgical debridement and changes to the profile of the surgery performed at the service.
Resumo Os leiomiossarcomas de veia cava inferior são tumores raros, que representam menos de 0,7% de todos os leiomiossarcomas retroperitoneais. Eles são mais comuns em mulheres e causam quadros inespecíficos de dor abdominal crônica. Neste relato, apresentamos um caso de paciente do sexo feminino, de 53 anos de idade, com queixa de dor abdominal crônica periumbilical inespecífica com evolução há 8 meses, diagnosticada com leiomiossarcoma de veia cava inferior por angiotomografia computadorizada. A paciente foi tratada com ressecção completa do tumor e reconstrução da veia cava inferior, com interposição de prótese de dácron. O tratamento considerado padrão-ouro consiste na excisão cirúrgica completa, visto que esses tumores são resistentes a quimioterapia e radioterapia. O prognóstico desses pacientes está intimamente relacionado com a precocidade do diagnóstico, e, por isso, é de grande relevância o conhecimento dessa doença como diagnóstico diferencial de dor abdominal crônica e inespecífica por cirurgiões vasculares e cirurgiões gerais.
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