Kulit album mempunyai pelbagai fungsi pada sesebuah karya seni muzik. Reka bentuk kulit album yang menarik mampu menarik pelanggan untuk membuat pilihan ketika membeli produk tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan grafik dan muzik terhadap empat buah kulit album Zainal Abidin iaitu album Hijau, Gamal, Orak Arek dan Terangsang. Sememangnya tidak dapat dinafikan bahawa reka bentuk kulit album telah banyak mengalami perubahan dari pelbagai aspek mengikut perkembangan industri muzik. Pelbagai teknik reka bentuk digunakan untuk menyampaikan mesej berhubung kait dengan genre album tersebut. Kajian kes dalam kaedah kualitatif ini menggunakan teknik pemerhatian dan fotografi terhadap empat buah kulit album Zainal Abidin sebagai artis pop yang terkenal dengan keunikan lagunya di Malaysia. Data yang dikumpul telah dianalisis dan dinilai dari segi grafik berdasarkan tiga elemen iaitu warna, visual dan tipografi yang digunakan manakala, dari segi muzik pula dilihat dari elemen ritma, bunyi dan lirik lagu dalam album itu. Analisis kulit album ini juga dibuat berlandaskan pendekatan semiotik sosial komunikasi visual oleh Van Leeuwen dalam menjelaskan makna di sebalik reka bentuk kulit album yang disampaikan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan hubungkait antara grafik dan muzik pada keempat-empat kulit album yang dijadikan kajian kes ini. Oleh hal demikian, hubungan antara reka bentuk grafik dan album muzik tidak dapat dipisahkan untuk menghasilkan kulit album yang berkualiti di samping menyampaikan maklumat komunikasi dengan berkesan. Kata kunci: Grafik, muzik, reka bentuk, kulit album, tipografi.
Abstrak Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis skop perkembangan karya-karya seni oleh Jalaini Abu Hassan dan Fatimah Chik melalui pendekatan Edmund Feldman pada tahun 1967 yang menerangkan empat langkah aras kritikal analisis seperti yang berikut iaitu deksripsi, analisis, interpretasi dan pertimbangan. Kerangka kerja teoritikal yang dianalisis menggunakan teori Edmund Feldman yang diasaskan pada tahun 1967 dengan menekankan metodologi analisis kaedah primari iaitu pemerhatian dua karya seni catan iaitu Pohon beringin yang dihasilkan oleh Fatimah Chik pada tahun 2002 dan karya Tales of the heroes yang dihasilkan oleh Jalaini Abu Hassan pada tahun 2010. Nilai kemelayuan juga terdapat pada makna tersurat terutamanya pada catan Pohon beringin Fatimah seperti simbol segi tiga, wayang kulit Kelantan, filem Melayu Bawang Putih Bawang Merah telah diinspirasikan daripada falsafah catan Pohon Beringin itu dan juga tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan simbol warisan Melayu yang telah divisualkan dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu sejak zaman nenek moyang kita lagi dan sehingga ke zaman era kemodenan abad ke 21 ini. Dapatan kajian dalam catan Jalaini Abu Hassan menunjukkan terdapat seorang lelaki dengan baju melayu menjelaskan tentang 5 prinsip rukun Islam dan rukun negara dan juga makna tersurat tentang perubatan tradisional Islam yang telah diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan Jailani dan ayahnya. Abstract This paper aims to analyse the development of Malaysian artworks of Jalaini Abu Hassan and Fatimah Chik paintings through the Edmund Feldman 1967 approach which is a theory that describes the description, the analysis, the interpretation and the judgement. The theoretical framework of this approach involved four steps of critical analysis processes. Hence, the methodology emphasized the qualitative methodology by observing two (2) paintings which were Tales of the Heroes from year 2010 and Pohon Beringin from year 2002 artworks by the Malay Malaysian artists, Jalaini Abu Hassan and Fatimah Chik, respectively. The findings suggested that the Malaysian painters expressed the value of the Malay identity and philosophy in their artworks. For example, Jalaini Abu Hassan’s Tales of the Heroes that potrayed a guy in Malay’s traditional costume represented the 5 Pillars of Islam, the National Principles (Rukun Negara) and the literal meaning of the traditional Islamic medicine which were applied in Jalaini’s and his father’s lives. Additionally, the Malay value can also be found literally in Pohon Beringin batik painting by Fatimah Chik such as the triangle symbol. To date, banyan tree has a significant meaning in the Malay heritage which have been visualised in the Malay community since the ancestral era. Other than the canvas painting of Fatimah Chik’s Pohon Beringin, the banyan tree has been adapted in many Malay artworks such as Kelantanese Wayang Kulit and Malay film of Bawang Putih Bawang Merah.
Selain daripada memberi gambaran tentang kehidupan lampau sesebuah tamadun, peninggalan warisan samada yang ketara atau tidak ketara kini mampu menjana pendapatan lumayan kepada sesebuah negara. Kemboja merupakan salah sebuah negara di Asia Tenggara yang kian pesat membangun hasil daripada industri pelancongan yang menampakkan daya keusahawanan warisan yang begitu dinamik. Perancangan, daya kreativiti dan pelaburan luar telah membantu Kemboja bangun dari kemelut peperangan yang mencengkam negara ini sejak beberapa dekad lalu. Tulisan ini adalah hasil pemerhatian awal tentang keusahawanan warisan di dua buah bandar di Kemboja, iaitu Siem Riep dan Phnom Penh yang telah merubah lanskap sosial dan ekonomi negara ini. Apart from highlighting the past life of a civilization, both the tangible and intangible legacies are now able to generate good income to a country. Cambodia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia's that has been growing rapidly in terms of the tourism industry. This indicates a dynamic development of the entrepreneurial heritage. Planning, creativity and foreign investment have helped Cambodia raised from the crisis that has been gripping the country over the decades. This writing is the result of preliminary observations about the entrepreneurial heritage of two towns in Cambodia, Siem Riep and Phnom Penh that has changed the social and economic landscapes of the country.
Since the thirteenth century, longstanding connections between tariqa (Sufi Orders) and Malay Sultanates brought new Islamic knowledge and practices which were fused with local traditions. The coming of Islam also brought the nobat musical ensemble and religious-related musical practices. From the court of Pasai, North Sumatera, the ensemble later spread to other parts of the Malay world and was still played in the succeeding Aceh sultanate in the early seventeenth century. Evidence for this exists in the court manual, Adat Aceh, which details the use of music in royal religious processions and the practice zikir by the Sultan and his subjects. The Sufi spiritual performativity continued in the 1980s at the court of Perak with the introduction of the Naqshbandi Haqqani tariqa, where certain devotional-musical practices such as zikir, qasida, and mawlid were occasionally performed. However, the nobat was not used in these Sufi practices but replaced by percussion-based musical ensembles. Both these Naqshbandi Sufi tariqa were theologically contested, and their esoteric doctrines were considered blasphemous by those with religious power. This article examines the parallel existence of two Malay sultanates in different times, their connections to branches of Sufi tariqa, musical practices and the contestations that ensued.
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