The development of the ICD-11 CDDG over the past decade, based on the principles of clinical utility and global applicability, has been the most broadly international, multilingual, multidisciplinary and participative revision process ever implemented for a classification of mental disorders. Innovations in the ICD-11 include the provision of consistent and systematically characterized information, the adoption of a lifespan approach, and culture-related guidance for each disorder. Dimensional approaches have been incorporated into the classification, particularly for personality disorders and primary psychotic disorders, in ways that are consistent with current evidence, are more compatible with recovery-based approaches, eliminate artificial comorbidity, and more effectively capture changes over time. Here we describe major changes to the structure of the ICD-11 classification of mental disorders as compared to the ICD-10, and the development of two new ICD-11 chapters relevant to mental health practice. We illustrate a set of new categories that have been added to the ICD-11 and present the rationale for their inclusion. Finally, we provide a description of the important changes that have been made in each ICD-11 disorder grouping. This information is intended to be useful for both clinicians and researchers in orienting themselves to the ICD-11 and in preparing for implementation in their own professional contexts.
Co NMR studies have been performed in metallic NaCo 2 O 4 in the temperature range 350-100 K. The powder patterns predominantly correspond to typical second-order quadrupolar splitted central transition of two inequivalent cobalt sites. Features of magnetic interaction are also present. The analysis of the NMR line shape shows that the electric field gradient ͑EFG͒ experienced by one of the two sites ͑site 1͒ is independent of temperature, whereas around 47% increment in EFG has been observed for site 2 as the temperature is lowered from 350 to 100 K. 59 Co NMR shift for each site is almost isotropic in character which varies linearly with susceptibility and basically consists of two parts. Both the sites suffer a large temperature independent shift due to the contribution from orbital paramagnetism ( vv ) which is analogous in metals to the Van Vleck paramagnetic susceptibility. The temperature-dependent Knight shift for site 1 reveals a negative hyperfine coupling constant (A hf d ) arising from inner s core polarization by the d electrons which are itinerant in character. A positive A hf d observed for site 2 cannot be interpreted directly in a metallic system such as NaCo 2 O 4 . A comparison of the magnitude of A hf d with those of other cobalt oxides suggests that the nucleus which is being probed by NMR, belongs to a diamagnetic cobalt state. Thus the present NMR results together with the susceptibility indicate the presence of Co 3ϩ ion with S ϭ 0 and the magnetic Co 4ϩ ion.
Propylammonium lead iodide (C3H7NH3PbI3), a promising hybrid perovskite, is successfully synthesized by a solgel technique. Structural, optical, and dielectric properties have been studied in detail. The dielectric constant, loss factor, electric modulus, and AC and DC conductivity of this hybrid perovskite exhibit strong temperature dependence over the frequency range of 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 8 MHz. The Nyquist plot reveals the distinct contributions of grain and grain boundary to the total impedance. The dielectric constant is found to increase with temperature in the high frequency region. The modified Cole–Cole plot shows that the space charge and free charge conductivity increase with the elevation of temperature, whereas the relaxation time decreases with the rise in temperature. From the modified Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts equation, we perceived asymmetrical nature in electric modulus spectra at various temperatures, which corresponds to the non-Debye type nature of perovskite. It has also been found that, with the elevation of temperature, the imaginary part of electric modulus spectra shifts from the non-Debye type toward the Debye type nature, though failing to acquire exact Debye type response, and emerges as a semiconductor material. AC conductivity of PAPbI3 is illustrated on the basis of the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) mechanism. Activation energy estimated from both modulus spectra and DC conductivity matches well, affirming the similarity between relaxation behavior and conduction mechanism. Along with all these, PAPbI3 possesses a high dielectric constant associated with a small dielectric loss, making it a potential candidate for energy harvesting devices.
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