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Introduction: Identification of an individual is a prerequisite for certification of death and for personal, social, and legal reasons. Sex determination is one of the important parameters in forensic identification. Tooth being strongest component can resist bacterial decomposition and fire when rest of the body is damaged beyond recognition. Sexual dimorphism refers to the systemic difference in the form between individuals of different sexes within the same species. Teeth of various species are known to exhibit sexual dimorphism. The present study aims to evaluate the linear dimensions of permanent molars and canines for sex determination and to estimate their level of accuracy. Materials and methods: Sixty subjects were included in the study. Study casts were prepared and the dimensions of permanent canines and first permanent molars were measured as the greatest distance between the buccal and lingual surface as well as mesial and distal aspects of the crown by using digital vernier callipers. Results: Discriminant function analysis had shown that males have greater mean mesio-distal (MD) and bucco lingual (BL)/ labio-lingual (LL) dimensions for each tooth in comparison to females. Right upper canine showed the maximum accuracy followed by right lower and left upper canines. Out of four molars, right lower molar showed maximum accuracy of 86.7%. Conclusion: The present study showed the importance of linear dimensions of canines and molars in the assessment of sex and molars can be used as an alternative to canines when their evidence is missing in forensic investigations.

Orthodontics is one branch of dentistry which deals with dynamic manipulation and function of the stomatognathic system. Likewise, it has to witness the dynamic changes in its diagnosis method and treatment planning. The field of orthodontics has witnessed many revolutionary techniques and evolved enormously in terms of benefiting the patient. CAD/CAM is one promising methodology that has shown a significant impact in modern dentistry and surpassed some of the challenges an orthodontist has been facing all these years. It has changed the view through which we see the patient’s condition. The application of 3D technology allows the practitioner and patient to utilize virtual treatment planning software to better identify case objectives and visualize treatment outcomes. CAD/CAM has many applications in orthodontics, which include aids for diagnosis and treatment planning, clear aligner treatment, customized lingual appliances, customized brackets with patient-specific torque, machine-milled indirect bonding jigs, robotically bent archwires, indirect bonding systems, customization of orthodontic appliances like distalization appliance etc., Acceleration of orthodontic treatment (OT) has received growing attention in recent years, especially in adult patients.Digital workflow is the current trend in orthodontic practice and has speckled every aspect of orthodontics in terms of documentation, study casts, analysis of dental malocclusion, smile designing, treatment planning and fabrication of orthodontic appliances. The current article aimed to establish a narrative description of the digital workflow and applications of the CAD/CAM process in Orthodontics.

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