The dependence of DNA assemblies conductance on relative humidity is investigated theoretically. Following earlier suggestions, we consider the ionic conductivity through the layers of water adsorbed by DNA molecules. The increase in humidity results in a growing water layer. The binding energy of ions depends on the thickness of the water layer due to change in water polarization. This dependence is very strong at smaller thicknesses of water layers due to the low-dimensional confinement of an electric field in water. We show that the associated change in ion concentration can explain the six orders of magnitude increase in conductivity, with relative humidity growing from 0.05 to 0.95.

This paper focuses on the application of solar energy along with microcontrollers to design and run a motor to pump water from various sources. The solar water pump is one of the applications or appliance that perform task with the use of solar radiation. The solar water pump consists of solar PV array, solar pump, inverter, AC water pumping device etc. Solar energy radiation is converted in electrical current or power source which is then used to run a pump and draw water directly from ground, wells, rivers, lakes etc. In this paper, the relationship between flow rate of the water and luminous intensity of the solar irradiance is studied and the data are linearly fitted to find out the correlation between these parameters. Also the study about efficiency of the solar powered water pump shows that the operation of this type of pumping system is quite efficient than other types of fossil fuel engines like diesel, petrol, kerosene etc. in long run. The use of Arduino Uno, flow sensor, LDR sensors in the solar powered water pump helps to analyze the relation between these parameters and know the conditions favorable for excess supply of water in short time efficiently. These solar powered devices are the future of clean and green future of this world. Thus it is not only necessary but also compulsory to enhance the usage of solar energy throughout the globe.

The Temperature and Humidity plays an important role in keeping our environment stable and balance. So by knowing the values of these parameters, it’d be helpful to study the different aspects of environmental factors like weather forecast, productivity of crops, research industries etc. Therefore, there’s a requirement of the smart system which is fully digital, automated, accurate and capable enough to observe all the environmental parameters with utmost possible accuracy. Besides, it should be cost-effective and portable too. This research work represents the  wired system reduce to wireless system using DHT-11 Sensor, Arduino UNO, HC-05 Bluetooth module, a mobile device and 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The DHT-11 Sensor sensing the data of Temperature and Humidity and transmission of its data using Arduino UNO and HC-05 Bluetooth Module. The mobile device receives the data using Arduino UNO, HC-05 Bluetooth Module and displays it on LCD too.

Abstract. The charge recombination rate in DNA hairpins is investigated. The distance dependence for the charge recombination rate between stilbene donor (Sd + ) and stilbene acceptor (Sa − ) linkers separated by an AT bridge has a double exponential form. We suggest that this dependence is associated with two tunneling channels distinguished by the presence or absence of the Cl − counterion bound to Sd + . Experimentbased estimates of counterion binding parameters agree within reasonable expectations. A control experiment replacing the Cl − ion with other halide ions is suggested. Counterion substitution allows modification of the charge recombination rate in either direction by orders of magnitude.