Materials science has been defined variantly in the literature. According to the 1974 summary report of the Committee on the Survey of Materials Science and Engineering (COSMAT) of the United States National Academy of Sciences, the materials science has been defined as a multidisciplinary field concerned with the fundamental nature of materials and their applications, with the generations and application of knowledge relating to the composition, structure, and processing of materials to their properties and uses. This definition recognises three basic elements in the study of materials: structure, composition, and processing and properties. The Committee on Materials Science and Engineering of the National Research Council in its report, Materials science and engineering for the 1990s: Maintaining competitiveness in the age of Materials, provided another definition in which it added the fourth element-performance. According to this report, materials science is defined as the study of materials for controlling the four basic elements-properties; structure and composition; synthesis and processing; and performance, and understanding the strong interrelationships among them. Materials science is synonymous with new and advanced materials. This new discipline has given rise to several new materials for weight reduction, optimal utilisation of energy, cost reduction, and greater efficiency.

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The paper examines quality and quantity of scientific research in India as reflected in publications output on grid computing on a series of bibliometric indicators. Data were extracted from Scopus database consisting of 1340 publications in grid computing research from India in 10 years during 2008-17 citation impact of 4.33 citations per paper and international collaborative publication share of 12.16%. The paper profiles global publication output and share of 10 most productive countries in grid computing research, 15 most productive Indian organizations and 15 most productive authors on a series of indicators including publications output, number of citations, the relative citation index, citations per paper, h-index and share of international collaborative papers during 2008-17. Computer science, among top 3 subjects, accounted for the largest publication share (90.15%), followed by engineering (26.79%) and mathematics (13.66%). The 15 most leading organizations and authors together contributed 31.57% and 14.25% as their share of Indian publication output and 44.93% and 16.17% as their share of Indian citation output respectively during 2008-17. The most productive Indian organizations were Anna University, Chennai (74 papers) and Thapar University, Patiala (48 papers) The most productive authors were I. Chana of Thapar University, Patiala (21 papers) and N. Mukherjee of Jadavpur University, Kolkata (18 papers). The 15 most productive journals contributed 43.92% share to the Indian journal publication output during 2008-17. The most productive journals were Applied Engineering Research (16 publications), Journal of Grid Computing (14 publications) and Future Generation Computer Systems (13 publications),

Objective. We examined the bibliometric characteristics of 3616 Bangladesh’s publications on Covid-19 during 2020-2023. For this purpose, we used quantitative and qualitative bibliometric indicators. Design/Methodology/Approach. Bangladesh publications on Covid-19 during 2020-2023 were retrieved using the Scopus database. From each record, we retrieved data on the title, author, organizations, journal, publication type and source, country, collaboration, funding, topic and keywords. They were exported to MS-Excell for bibliometric analysis, and VOSviewer software was used for analyzing keyword co-occurrence networks. Results/Discussion. The Bangladesh-related Covid-19 papers in the Scopus database constitute 3616 papers, which hold 50th global rank with 0.75% share in global output and registered 14.63 average citations per article (CPP). The 732 (21.52%) out of 3616 Bangladesh papers attracted external funding support, and 2493 (72.28%) have participated in international collaboration. The U.K., USA, India and Saudi Arabia contributed the most to Bangladesh’s international collaborative papers. The University of Dhaka, Jahangirnagar University, North South University and Daffodil International University were the most productive organizations. In contrast, CHINTA Research, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Jahangirnagar University and Jashore University of Science & Technology registered the highest impact. The most preferred communication channels were PLOS One, Heliyon, Frontiers in Public Health and Annals of Medicine & Surgery. The Asian Journal of Psychiatry, IEEE Access, Science of the Total Environment and BMJ Global Health registered the highest citations. Clinical studies were the most frequent category, followed by epidemiology, risk factors and diagnosis. In contrast, adults and the middle-aged formed the largest population age groups, followed by aged, children and adolescents. Conclusion. The bibliometric analysis of Covid-19 research has evolved global interest, including in Bangladesh. For the first time, the present study throws light on the current status and publication trends of research and development efforts in Bangladesh.