Accurate modeling of airplane fuel consumption is necessary for air transportation policy-makers to properly adjudicate trades between competing environmental and economic demands. Existing public models used for computing terminal-area airplane fuel consumption have been shown to have substantial errors, potentially leading to erroneous policy and investment decisions. The method of modeling fuel consumption proposed in this paper was developed using data from a major airplane manufacturer. When compared with airline performance/operational data, this proposed method has been shown to accurately predict fuel consumption in the terminal area. The proposed method uses airplane performance data from publicly available environmental models supported by the Federal Aviation Administration and others. The proposed method has sufficient generality to protect the proprietary interests of the manufacturer, while still having adequate fidelity to analyze low-speed airplane operations in the terminal area. This improved methodology will enable more informed decisions by policy-makers seeking to account for the effects of fuel consumption and airplane emissions on plans for future airspace and airport designs.Nomenclature Fo = static thrust at sea level standard conditions F= = net corrected thrust h MSL = height above mean sea level K 1 = departure thrust specific fuel consumption constant coefficient K 2 = departure thrust specific fuel consumption Mach number coefficient K 3 = departure thrust specific fuel consumption altitude coefficient K 4 = departure thrust specific fuel consumption thrust coefficient M = Mach number = arrival thrust specific fuel consumption constant coefficient 1 = arrival thrust specific fuel consumption Mach number coefficient 2 = arrival thrust specific fuel consumption thrust term coefficient 3 = arrival thrust specific fuel consumption thrust coefficient = pressure ratio = temperature ratio

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Black carbon (BC) emissions from aircraft engines lead to an increase in the atmospheric burden of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Exposure to PM2.5 from sources including aviation is associated with an increased risk of premature mortality, and BC suspended in the atmosphere has a warming impact on the climate. BC particles emitted from aircraft also serve as nuclei for contrail ice particles, which are a major component of aviation's climate impact. In order to facilitate the

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