Substance abuse is an important health problem throughout the world including India, but prevalence and pattern of abuse varies from country to country and in different types of population. Slums have their own social and economic problems so that substance abuse may be different in this population and might be related with these problems. The aim of the present study was to study the prevalence and pattern substances in slum population. Prakash Chandra Sethi Nagar slum area of Indore district was selected for the purpose of this study. In first phase of the study, first a camp was organized to sensitize local leaders, key persons, and local inhabitants about drug abuse at Chandra Prakash Sethi Nagar. After that basic information was gathered with the key persons in Chandra Prakash Sethi Nagar. In second phase by house-to-house survey, all members of the family were interviewed in detail and information was recorded on semi-structured proforma. We observed prevalence rate of 560/1000 populations, 78.2% were males, 28.2% were females, and two-third abusers were laborers (72%). In order of frequency, tobacco was the most common substance abused in 53.9% population followed by gutka (nontobacco pan masala). Other drugs in order of frequency were alcohol 46.5%, cannabis 8.9%, opiates 4.9%, sedative and hypnotic 2.0%, solvents 1.0%, and cocaine in 0.1%. Slum population has higher prevalence rates than general population.

Co-morbidity is "the occurrence of 2 or more distinct psychiatric disorders at the same time". Clinical and general population studies show that alcohol abuse or dependence and major depression often coexist. The presence of co-morbid conditions, such as alcohol dependence (AD) and major depression, has important implications for patient functioning and prognosis, including difficulties in case identification, treatment effectiveness and compliance, altered pharmacokinetics, and increased chronicity of both conditions. Although depression and alcohol dependence commonly coexist in community and treatment-seeking populations, there is no clear consensus on appropriate assessment and treatment of patients who present with symptoms of both disorders. To make appropriate treatment decisions, clinicians must know the likely effects of depression on drinking outcomes. This article reviews the relation between co-morbid depression and alcohol dependence.

Non-compliance is a significant problem in all patient population, from children to elderly. It is a serious problem and has many effects on overall treatment and prognosis of the illness. In spite of recent progress in the treatment of psychosis during the last decades, non-compliance continues to be a frequent phenomenon, often associated to potentially severe clinical consequences and high costs. The contributing factors of non-compliance in psychotic disorders can be divided in medication-related and patient-related. It is closely related to treatment outcome. This article is intended to review various factors related to non-compliance and relationship between them.

Background:The name influenza is Italian and means "influence", Commonly referred to as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae, that affects birds and mammals. The aim is also to develop and characterize aerodynamic systems with r-H1N1Ags for safely deposition in alveoli to enhance the bioavailability and control release of influenza antigen after pulmonary administration in animal model. This induces not only systemic humoral (IgG) responses, but also cell-mediated (IL-4, IFN-␥) and mucosal immune responses (IgA, IgG), non-invasive, propellant and needle free delivery of vaccine.Methods and materials: The chitosan microparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method of chitosan with tripolyphosphate(TPP). The formulations were optimized on the basis of particle size, tap density and entrapment efficiency. The external morphology of the optimized formulation was studied by TEM and SEM. The zeta potential was determined along with stability studies at accelerated temperatures. The in-vivo studies involved determination of antibody titres in serum and mucosal secretions and uptake studies by fluorescence microscopy.Results: The results show that as the preparation was reduces to lyophilized form which increased the stability as compared to conventional liquid formulations. The fluorescence images show the uptake of microparticles by various organs and the ELISA results shows comparable IgG responses along with IgA. Conclusion:The Chitosan microparticles have higher positive values of zeta potential due to the presence of hydroxyl group of chitosan and shows positive surface charge. In case of charged particles, as the zeta potential increases, the repulsion interaction will be larger leading to the formation of more stable particles with more uniform size distribution. Tap Density is most necessary parameter for aerodynamic microparticles with low density were expected to avoid macrophage uptake and accumulate in deep lung epithellum, one can generate large particles of low density to both optimize the aerodynamic diameter and prevent phagocytosis. Thus, Antibody production was found to be more in pulmonary as compared to other routes.

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