Here, the regenerative potential of menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) was examined on restoration of premature ovarian failure (POF) ovaries in rats' POF model. Freshly isolated CD146 + MenSCs using magnetic-activated cell storing method were immediately injected into ovaries of POF rats. Four and eight weeks after cell administration, both ovarian tissues were sampled for histological examination and the expression of fibrosis-related genes. Serum samples were also prepared for hormonal analysis. At the endpoint, mating trials were performed to assess the fertility of POF rats following MenSC transplantation. Histopathological examination revealed the induction of POF after Ceftriaxone injection by increasing atretic follicles and abnormal morphologies. MenSCs transplantation increased the number of normal follicles and coincided with the reduction of follicular atresia. Biochemical analyses exhibited the reduction and increase of systemic folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and E2 respectively after MenSCs transplantation compared to the POF rats (P < .05). No significant differences in anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) blood levels were detected in this study between POF controls and MenSCstreated rats. We noted moreover the transcriptional up-regulation of Smad 2, 4, and TGF-β1 in POF rats, and these values were decreased after MenSCs transplantation (P < .01). By contrast, the RNA expression of Smad 6 remained increased in both preand post-treatment with MenSCs groups (P < .05). Finally, we found an increase in neonate births in POF rats treated with MenSCs, and that this feature was associated with ovarian rejuvenation through amelioration of fibrosis. These data showed that MenSCs are promising cell lineage for the alleviation of POF in the rat model by controlling the fibrosis rate.

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Fertility preservation of prepubertal girls subjected to invasive cancer therapy necessitates defining protocols for activation of isolated primordial follicles. Granulosa (GCs) and cumulus cells (CCs) play pivotal role in oocyte development. Although GCs and CCs share some similarities, they differ in growth factors production. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of GCs, CCs and their conditioned media on mice primordial follicles activation. One‐day‐old mice ovaries were subjected to 6‐day culture with base medium (BM), GC conditioned medium (GCCM), GC coculture (GCCC), CC conditioned medium (CCCM) or CC coculture (CCCC). Follicular growth and primordial to primary follicle transition was observed during 6‐day culture, and follicular activation rate tended to be greater in GCCM than other groups (0.05 

Background and Objectives:Studies have shown that fatty acids affect maturation of oocytes, however, studies carried out on the effect of omega-3 on in vitro maturation of oocytes, are limited. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of omega-3 on in vitro maturation of oocytes of mouse at the stage of germinal vesicle. Methods:In this in vitro experimental study, NMRI mice aged 6 to 8 weeks, were super ovulated and killed 44 hours later, then their ovaries were removed, and immature oocytes were used for in vitro maturation. Immature oocytes were treated with omega-3 at doses of 10 and 100 µM, after 24 hours, the maturation of the oocytes was examined by invert microscope. The data were analyzed using chi square test.Results: Exposure of immature oocytes to 10 and 100 µM of omega-3 resulted in increased rate of mature oocytes compared to the control group (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Maturation rate was also higher in the group exposed to lower dose of omega-3 (10 µM) compared to the group exposed to higher dose (100 µM) of omega-3 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Addition of low doses of omega-3 to oocyte maturation medium, significantly increase the maturation rate of immature oocytes.