The present study aimed to assess the validity of the podoscopic images compared with ink footprint methods (comparing the two different methods using the same parameters). Objective: The evaluation of the reliability and accuracy of arch angle (AA) is the purpose of this paper's study. It includes Chippaux-Smirak Index (CSI), Staheli Index (SI), and Arch Index (AI) by comparing footprints obtained from ink footprint and custom-made podoscopic footprints. Methods: Measurements of AA, CSI, SI, and AI are obtained from ink footprints and custom-made podoscope among 416 healthy participants (aged 21 to 65). Accuracy and reliability were calculated for all the footprint indices obtained using the two methods. Minimal detectable change and the Standard error (SE) of measurement were also calculated. Results: SPSS Statistical software (version 20) at 95% confidence interval was used to execute and observe the statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate the Mean and standard deviations (SD). The intrarater reliability of ink footprints and podoscopic footprints were analyzed using Intraclass correlation (IC) executed at 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Reliability of the podoscopic method was interpreted when the values (≥0.75) as excellent, (0.4-0.74) as moderate, and (0-0.39) as poor. Our study reported that AA, CSI, SI, and AI obtained from the ink footprints and podoscope had high intrarater reliability and reproducible. The podoscope was designed in a lightweight manner for transportation purposes and utilized in under-served and rural areas. This custom-made device may be utilized in orthopedics, and it can also be used to collect data and for diagnostic purposes.

The banking industry across the globe has been undergoing severe transformation due to the development in the field of information and communication technology (ICT). This transformation process not only introduced innovative products but also changed the way of service delivery. Mobile banking is the most popular and powerful mode of service delivery, which ensures the delivery of banking services anywhere and anytime. This article attempts to analyse the current status of research on mobile banking in order to identify the themes to be explored by future researchers. With the deft use of different inclusion and exclusion criteria and relevant and appropriate keywords, 79 journal articles published in renowned databases were selected for an in-depth review and thorough analysis. The place of study, target group focus, the theoretical models adopted and the themes considered were the basis for analysis. Most of the studies were found to have been undertaken in developing countries, and the initial adoption is the most explored area of research on mobile banking. Technology acceptance model (TAM) is the most widely used theoretical model for predicting mobile banking adoption. As the continuance intention to use mobile banking is the less explored one, there is a need to shift the research focus from initial adoption to the continuance intention to use mobile banking. Research studies on mobile banking need to be conducted among distinct groups such as the otherwise-abled, migrant workers and marginalized sections of society as they have the potential to make great contributions towards the digital economy and nation building.

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