No abstract

No abstract

Background Health care, in recent years, has made great leaps in integrating wireless technology into traditional models of care. The availability of ubiquitous devices such as wearable sensors has enabled researchers to collect voluminous datasets and harness them in a wide range of health care topics. One of the goals of using on-body wearable sensors has been to study and analyze human activity and functional patterns, thereby predicting harmful outcomes such as falls. It can also be used to track precise individual movements to form personalized behavioral patterns, to standardize the concept of frailty, well-being/independence, etc. Most wearable devices such as activity trackers and smartwatches are equipped with low-cost embedded sensors that can provide users with health statistics. In addition to wearable devices, Bluetooth low-energy sensors known as BLE beacons have gained traction among researchers in ambient intelligence domain. The low cost and durability of newer versions have made BLE beacons feasible gadgets to yield indoor localization data, an adjunct feature in human activity recognition. In the studies by Moatamed et al and the patent application by Ramezani et al, we introduced a generic framework (Sensing At-Risk Population) that draws on the classification of human movements using a 3-axial accelerometer and extracting indoor localization using BLE beacons, in concert. Objective The study aimed to examine the ability of combination of physical activity and indoor location features, extracted at baseline, on a cohort of 154 rehabilitation-dwelling patients to discriminate between subacute care patients who are re-admitted to the hospital versus the patients who are able to stay in a community setting. Methods We analyzed physical activity sensor features to assess activity time and intensity. We also analyzed activities with regard to indoor localization. Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare demographic variables and sensor feature variables in outcome groups. Random forests were used to build predictive models based on the most significant features. Results Standing time percentage ( P <.001, d =1.51), laying down time percentage ( P <.001, d =1.35), resident room energy intensity ( P <.001, d =1.25), resident bed energy intensity ( P <.001, d =1.23), and energy percentage of active state ( P =.001, d =1.24) are the 5 most statistically significant features in distinguishing outcome groups at baseline. The energy intensity of the resident room ( P <.001, d =1.25) was achieved by capturing indoor localization information. Random forests revealed that...

Recently, surveillance, security, patrol, search, and rescue applications increasingly require algorithms and methods that can work automatically in real time. This paper reports a new real-time approach based on three novel techniques for automatic detection, object identification, and tracking in video streams, respectively. The novelty detection and object identification are based on the newly proposed recursive density estimation (RDE) method. RDE is using a Cauchy-type of kernel, which is calculated recursively as opposed to the widely used (in particular in the kernel density estimation (KDE) approach) Gaussian one. The key difference is that the proposed approach works on a per frame basis and does not require a window (usually of size of several dozen) of frames to be stored in the memory and processed. It should be noted that the new RDE approach is free from user-or problem-specific thresholds by differ from the other state-of-the-art approaches. Finally, an evolving Takagi-Sugeno (eTS)-type fuzzy system is proposed for tracking. The proposed approach has been compared with KDE and Kalman filter (KF) and has proven to be significantly (in an order of magnitude) faster and computationally more efficient than RDE and more precise than KF. C

No abstract